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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Hyg (Lond) / Incidence of bluetongue virus precipitating antibodies in se...
The Journal of hygiene1979; 83(3); 539-545; doi: 10.1017/s0022172400026395

Incidence of bluetongue virus precipitating antibodies in sera of some domestic animals in the Sudan.

Abstract: To determine the presence and prevalence of bluetongue (BT) infection in a variety of domestic animal species in different geographical regions of the Sudan, a serological study using the agar gel precipitation technique was initiated. A total of 2142 serum samples were examined. Of the numbers tested approximately 28% of sheep, 11.2% of goats, 8% of cattle and 4.9% of camels were positive for group-specific antibodies to BT virus antigen, indicating previous exposure to BT infection. None of the samples tested from horses or donkeys were positive. The findings suggest that the disease is widely distributed in most parts of the Sudan where possible insect vectors prevail and may be endemic in sheep in Juba District, Equatoria Province, Southern Region. Goats appeared to have some degree of resistance to infection compared with sheep, and there seemed to be no significant differences in positive rates between farm and free-range cattle. It is concluded that BT infection may cause clinical disease in sheep, while it is probably subclinical or inapparent in goats, cattle and camels of the Sudan.
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Publication Date: 1979-12-01 PubMed ID: 229163PubMed Central: PMC2130162DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400026395Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research tests for the presence and prevalence of bluetongue disease in different domestic animals across various regions in Sudan. Results indicated varying degrees of exposure in sheep, goats, cattle, and camels, with no presence in tested horses and donkeys.

Study Methodology

  • The research team decided to investigate the spread and prevalence of bluetongue (BT) infection in different species of domestic animals in various regions in Sudan.
  • They utilized a serological testing approach using an agar gel precipitation technique to conduct the study.
  • A total of 2142 serum samples from various animals were meticulously examined for signs of the infection.

    • Study Findings

    • Out of the total tests performed, nearly 28% of sheep, 11.2% of goats, 8% of cattle, and 4.9% of camels tested positive for group-specific antibodies to bluetongue virus antigen.
    • This positive result signifies that these animals have had prior exposure to the infection. Importantly, no positive results were found in the tested samples from horses and donkeys.
    • The results also suggest that the disease is widespread in most parts of Sudan, where there is a possibility of presence of insect vectors. Notably, the disease seems to be endemic among sheep in the Juba District of the Equatoria Province in the Southern Region.
    • The researchers also noted that goats appeared to exhibit some level of resistance to the infection compared to sheep, and there were no significant differences in the rates of infection between farm and free-range cattle.

      • Conclusions

      • The study concluded that BT infection might cause clinical disease in sheep, while its manifestation in goats, cattle, and camels could be subclinical or unapparent.
      • Overall, the research highlighted the varying vulnerability of different domestic animal species to the bluetongue infection across different geographical regions in Sudan.

Cite This Article

APA
Eisa M, Karrar AE, Abd Elrahim AH. (1979). Incidence of bluetongue virus precipitating antibodies in sera of some domestic animals in the Sudan. J Hyg (Lond), 83(3), 539-545. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400026395

Publication

The Journal of hygiene
ISSN: 0022-1724
NlmUniqueID: 0375374
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 83
Issue: 3
Pages: 539-545

Researcher Affiliations

Eisa, M
    Karrar, A E
      Abd Elrahim, A H

        MeSH Terms

        • Animals
        • Antibodies, Viral / analysis
        • Bluetongue / epidemiology
        • Bluetongue / immunology
        • Bluetongue virus / immunology
        • Camelus / immunology
        • Cattle / immunology
        • Female
        • Goats / immunology
        • Horses / immunology
        • Immunodiffusion
        • Male
        • Reoviridae / immunology
        • Sheep / immunology
        • Sudan

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        Citations

        This article has been cited 11 times.
        1. Abraheem HH, Elhassan AM, Hussien MO, Enan KA, Musa AB, El Hussein ARM. A Survey of Bluetongue Infection and Associated Risk Factors among the One-Humped Camel (Camelus dromedaries) in Gadarif State, Eastern Sudan. Vet Med Int 2021;2021:6613217.
          doi: 10.1155/2021/6613217pubmed: 33833864google scholar: lookup
        2. Elmahi MM, Karrar ARE, Elhassan AM, Hussien MO, Enan KA, Mansour MA, El Hussein ARM. Serological Investigations of Bluetongue Virus (BTV) among Sheep and Goats in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan. Vet Med Int 2020;2020:8863971.
          doi: 10.1155/2020/8863971pubmed: 33062245google scholar: lookup
        3. Elhassan AM, Fadol MA, El Hussein AR. Seroprevalence of bluetongue virus in dairy herds with reproductive problems in Sudan. ISRN Vet Sci 2014;2014:595724.
          doi: 10.1155/2014/595724pubmed: 25002977google scholar: lookup
        4. Adam IA, Abdalla MA, Mohamed ME, Aradaib IE. Prevalence of bluetongue virus infection and associated risk factors among cattle in North Kordufan State, Western Sudan. BMC Vet Res 2014 Apr 24;10:94.
          doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-94pubmed: 24762138google scholar: lookup
        5. Khair HO, Adam IA, Bushara SB, Eltom KH, Musa NO, Aradaib IE. Prevalence of bluetongue virus antibodies and associated risk factors among cattle in East Darfur State, Western Sudan. Ir Vet J 2014 Feb 7;67(1):4.
          doi: 10.1186/2046-0481-67-4pubmed: 24507448google scholar: lookup
        6. Eisa M. Preliminary survey of domestic animals of the Sudan for precipitating antibodies to Rift Valley fever virus. J Hyg (Lond) 1984 Dec;93(3):629-37.
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        7. Abu Elzein EM. Rapid detection of bluetongue virus antigen in the sera and plasma of camels, sheep and cattle in the Sudan, using the gel immunodiffusion test. Brief report. Arch Virol 1984;79(1-2):131-4.
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        10. Elfatih M, Mohammed H, Taylor WP. Infection with bluetongue and related orbiviruses in the Sudan detected by the study of sentinel calf herds. Epidemiol Infect 1987 Oct;99(2):533-45.
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        11. Medrouh B, Abdelli A, Belkessa S, Ouinten Y, Brahimi M, Hakem A, Kernif T, Singer SM, Ziam H, Tsaousis AD, Jokelainen P, Savini G, Pasolli E. Seroprevalence and risk factors of bluetongue virus in domestic cattle, sheep, goats and camels in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Vet Q 2024 Dec;44(1):1-12.
          doi: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2396118pubmed: 39210745google scholar: lookup
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