Indirect hemagglutination test in equine infectious anemia.
Abstract: An indirect hemagglutination was developed for the diagnosis of equine infectious anemia using sheep red blood cells coated with group specific virus antigen which had been highly purified by affinity chromatography. The presence of indirect hemagglutination antibodies was demonstrated in horses with equine infectious anemia since the cells were specifically agglutinated by all the serum samples obtained from experimentally infected horses. Antibodies appeared within 35 days after inoculation, and development of which coincided well with that of precipitating and complement fixing antibodies. Titer of indirect hemagglutination antibodies were ten to 320 times greater than those of precipitating antibodies. Test results could be read more clearly by the indirect hemagglutination test especially in weakly positive cases. Ninety-six samples from suspected field cases collected from every region of Japan which were positive on the immunodiffusion test were also positive on indirect hemagglutination test. Serum samples from 420 horses in one race track were examined by both the indirect hemagglutination and immunodiffusion tests to determine the reliability of the indirect hemagglutination test for diagnosis of equine infectious anemia. The same result was obtained on both tests. Based on this evidence, the indirect hemagglutination test can be employed as a very sensitive serological test for the diagnosis of equine infectious anemia.
Publication Date: 1982-01-01 PubMed ID: 6280821PubMed Central: PMC1320197
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The study describes the successful development of an indirect hemagglutination test for diagnosing equine infectious anemia using antigen-coated sheep red blood cells. It illustrates its efficacy by demonstrating its high sensitivity, especially in weakly positive cases, and its consistency with established immunodiffusion tests.
Development and Efficacy of Indirect Hemagglutination Test
- This research focused on developing an indirect hemagglutination test for equine infectious anemia, a viral disease in horses. Indirect hemagglutination tests are immunoassays that detect antibodies in the blood.
- For this test, sheep red blood cells were coated with a specific virus antigen highly purified through a process called affinity chromatography.
- The effectiveness of the test was shown when it identified the presence of indirect hemagglutination antibodies in horses suffering from equine infectious anemia. The researchers noted that when serum samples from experimentally infected horses were used, all samples caused the sheep red blood cells to agglutinate (clump together).
- The test detected antibodies within 35 days of inoculation, indicating its potential usefulness in early diagnoses. Moreover, the concentration of indirect hemagglutination antibodies found were significantly higher than those of precipitating antibodies, hinting at the test’s high sensitivity.
Comparative Study with Immunodiffusion Test
- The researchers decided to compare the results of the newly developed test with the standard immunodiffusion test, which is a widely used diagnostic tool for equine infectious anemia.
- They examined 96 samples from suspected cases collected across Japan. All samples that were positive on the immunodiffusion test were also positive on the indirect hemagglutination test, demonstrating the new test’s consistency.
- A larger sample of 420 horses from a race track was also tested using both methods. Once again, the results obtained from both tests were identical, further validating the reliability of the indirect hemagglutination test.
Summary
- Based on the successful development of the test, its high sensitivity, and its consistency with existing diagnostic methods, the researchers concluded that the indirect hemagglutination test can be effectively used for diagnosing equine infectious anemia.
Cite This Article
APA
Sugiura T, Nakajima H.
(1982).
Indirect hemagglutination test in equine infectious anemia.
Can J Comp Med, 46(1), 60-64.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / analysis
- Antigens, Viral / isolation & purification
- Equine Infectious Anemia / diagnosis
- Hemagglutination Tests / veterinary
- Horses
- Immunodiffusion / veterinary
- Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / immunology
- Sheep
References
This article includes 8 references
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- Malmquist WA, Barnett D, Becvar CS. Production of equine infectious anemia antigen in a persistently infected cell line.. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 1973;42(4):361-70.
- Andrews P. Estimation of the molecular weights of proteins by Sephadex gel-filtration.. Biochem J 1964 May;91(2):222-33.
- Whitman JE, Hetrick FM. An indirect hemagglutination test for detecting antibody to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus.. Cornell Vet 1965 Oct;55(4):613-22.
- Nakajima H, Ushimi C. Immunodiffusion studies of purified equine infectious anemia virus.. Infect Immun 1971 Mar;3(3):373-7.
- Nakajima H, Ushimi C, Fukunaga Y, Hirasawa K. Preparation of equine infectious anemia virus antigen for immunodiffusion test.. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 1973;42(4):339-45.
- Nakajima H, Kono Y, Ushimi C. Characterization of precipitating antibody in equine infectious anemia.. J Immunol 1971 Sep;107(3):889-94.
- Sugiura T, Nakajima H. Purification of equine infectious anemia virus antigen by affinity chromatography.. J Clin Microbiol 1977 Jun;5(6):635-9.
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