Induced pluripotent stem cells from farm animals.
Abstract: The development of the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology has revolutionized the world on the establishment of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) across a great variety of animal species. Generation of iPSCs from domesticated animals would provide unrestricted cell resources for the study of embryonic development and cell differentiation of these species, for screening and establishing desired traits for sustainable agricultural production, and as veterinary and preclinical therapeutic tools for animal and human diseases. Induced PSCs from domesticated animals thus harbor enormous scientific, economical, and societal values. Although much progress has been made toward the generation of PSCs from these species, major obstacles remain precluding the exclamation of the establishment of bona fide iPSCs. The most prominent of them remain the inability of these cells to silence exogenous reprogramming factors, the obvious reliance on exogenous factors for their self-renewal, and the restricted development potential in vivo. In this review, we summarize the history and current progress in domestic farm animal iPSC generation, with a focus on swine, ruminants (cattle, ovine, and caprine), horses, and avian species (quails and chickens). We also discuss the problems associated with the farm animal iPSCs and potential future directions toward the complete reprogramming of somatic cells from farm animals.
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Publication Date: 2020-10-25 PubMed ID: 33098420PubMed Central: PMC7660146DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa343Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This research paper describes the progression and current obstacles of developing induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from various domesticated animals. The study emphasizes the potential use of these farm animal iPSCs in multiple areas including cell differentiation study, sustainable agriculture, and therapies for animal and human diseases.
Introduction and History
- The paper begins with a brief introduction of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), explaining their relevance and importance in scientific research. iPSCs technology has significantly altered the way researchers establish pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in various animal species.
- Producing iPSCs specifically from domesticated animals holds substantial potential for scientific research, not only in the study of embryonic development and cell differentiation, but also in sustainable agricultural production. These stem cells can be used to investigate and establish desired traits that could boost productivity.
- Furthermore, farm animal iPSCs can also function as an essential therapeutic tool. With the ability to differentiate into any cell type, these iPSCs offer promising opportunities for developing novel treatments for various animal and human diseases.
Progress and Challenges
- The paper then delves into the progression that has been made in generating PSCs from domesticated animals. Considerable research has been conducted to produce these cells, with a particular focus on animals like swine, ruminants (cattle, ovine, and caprine), horses, and avian species (quails and chickens).
- Despite noteworthy progress made in this area, the paper emphasizes that there are still major obstacles to overcome before these iPSCs can be considered fully established. One of the difficulties is that these cells cannot silence exogenous reprogramming factors, which is an essential step in the reprogramming process of somatic cells to iPSCs.
- Another challenge is these cells’ apparent reliance on exogenous factors for self-renewal. This dependency is problematic as the goal is for the iPSCs to be able to self-sustain and continuously renew independent of external influences.
- The research also points out the limitation in the development potential of the farm animal iPSCs in vivo, or within a living organism. This limited potential may deter these cells from contributing to development or repairing damage within an organism.
Potential Future Directions
- In the conclusion, the authors discuss the future direction of research aimed at overcoming these challenges. They suggest further studies are needed to explore the complete reprogramming of somatic cells from farm animals, which could lead to the establishment of bona fide iPSCs from these species.
Cite This Article
APA
Su Y, Zhu J, Salman S, Tang Y.
(2020).
Induced pluripotent stem cells from farm animals.
J Anim Sci, 98(11), skaa343.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa343 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT.
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT.
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT.
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Animals, Domestic
- Cattle
- Cell Differentiation
- Cellular Reprogramming
- Chickens
- Goats
- Horses
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
- Pluripotent Stem Cells
- Sheep
- Swine
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