Induction of equine postanesthetic myositis after halothane-induced hypotension.
Abstract: Wick catheters were used to measure intracompartmental pressures of the extensor carpi radialis muscles and long heads of the triceps brachii muscles of 7 horses maintained under halothane anesthesia during controlled ventilation. Horses were positioned in left lateral recumbency on a water bed for 4 hours. Using a crossover design, 6 of the 7 horses were subjected to normotensive and hypotensive anesthesia on separate occasions. Hypotension was achieved by increasing the inspired halothane concentration. Hematologic and biochemical measurements were determined at designated intervals before, during, and for 7 days after each anesthetic episode. Under hypotensive conditions, 2 horses developed severe generalized myositis and were euthanatized. Three of the 5 other horses developed swelling of the downside masseter muscle, 4 demonstrated mild extensor deficits of the downside forelimb, and 1 had a severe extensor deficit of the uppermost hind limb. As a group, the hypotensive horses had markedly increased activities of serum enzymes (creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase, and blood lactate) and abnormalities in calcium-phosphorus homeostasis. Lameness or enzyme alterations were not observed in normotensive horses. Although the intracompartmental pressure values were markedly increased in the muscle bellies of the compressed limbs of all horses, there was a statistically significant difference in intracompartmental pressures between the downside or compressed muscle compartments of the extensor carpi radialis of hypotensive and normotensive horses. High concentrations of halothane may predispose anesthetized horses to postanesthetic myositis, even when protective padding is used. Intracompartmental muscle pressure, as measured by the wick catheter, may not be a reliable predictor of equine postanesthetic lameness.
Publication Date: 1989-03-01 PubMed ID: 2930029
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The researchers conducted a study on seven horses to explore the impact of halothane anesthesia on the development of postanesthetic myositis, a condition causing muscle inflammation. They found that high concentrations of halothane may make horses more prone to this condition, with variation in blood pressure shown to influence this outcome considerably.
Background of the Study
- The study was implemented on seven horses to ascertain the effect of halothane anesthesia on the induction of postanesthetic myositis, a muscular inflammation disorder that accrues subsequent to an anesthesia episode.
- The researchers utilized wick catheters to measure the intracompartmental pressures of specific muscles of the horses while they were under halothane anesthesia.
Design and Procedure
- The horses were kept in a certain posture on a water bed for a duration of four hours.
- In a crossover design, six horses out of the seven were exposed to both normotensive (normal blood pressure) and hypotensive (low blood pressure) conditions during anesthesia on varied occasions. Hypotensive state was triggered by increasing the concentration of the halothane in the inspired air.
- Various hematologic and biochemical measurements were taken at specific intervals before, during, and a week following each anesthesia episode.
Observations and Findings
- Two of the horses developed severe generalized myositis under hypotensive conditions and were euthanatized. The remaining five showed various symptoms such as swelling of certain muscles, minor extensor deficits, and heightened activities of certain serum enzymes. Abnormalities were also observed in calcium-phosphorus homeostasis.
- The normotensive horses showed no signs of lameness or altered enzyme activities, indicating a clear distinction between the impacts of normotensive and hypotensive states on the horses.
- A significant difference was observed in the intracompartmental pressures between the muscles of hypotensive and normotensive horses. However, these pressure values, measured using the wick catheter, did not seem to accurately predict the chance of postanesthetic lameness in horses.
Conclusion
- High concentrations of halothane may increase the risk of postanesthetic myositis in anesthetized horses, even when protective padding is used.
Cite This Article
APA
Lindsay WA, Robinson GM, Brunson DB, Majors LJ.
(1989).
Induction of equine postanesthetic myositis after halothane-induced hypotension.
Am J Vet Res, 50(3), 404-410.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
MeSH Terms
- Anesthesia, Inhalation / adverse effects
- Anesthesia, Inhalation / veterinary
- Animals
- Aspartate Aminotransferases / blood
- Calcium / blood
- Catheters, Indwelling / veterinary
- Creatine Kinase / blood
- Female
- Halothane
- Horse Diseases / etiology
- Horses
- Hypotension, Controlled / adverse effects
- Hypotension, Controlled / veterinary
- Lactates / blood
- Male
- Myositis / etiology
- Myositis / veterinary
- Phosphates / blood
- Pressure
Citations
This article has been cited 7 times.- Stefanik E, Drewnowska O, Lisowska B, Turek B. Causes, Effects and Methods of Monitoring Gas Exchange Disturbances during Equine General Anaesthesia.. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jul 9;11(7).
- Gómez Fernández L, Niimura Del Barrio MC, Loughran C. Use of adrenaline continuous infusion to treat hypotension during general anaesthesia in a cow and a calf.. Ir Vet J 2020;73:13.
- Umar MA, Fukui S, Kawase K, Itami T, Yamashita K. Cardiovascular effects of total intravenous anesthesia using ketamine-medetomidine-propofol (KMP-TIVA) in horses undergoing surgery.. J Vet Med Sci 2015 Mar;77(3):281-8.
- Rioja E, Cernicchiaro N, Costa MC, Valverde A. Perioperative risk factors for mortality and length of hospitalization in mares with dystocia undergoing general anesthesia: a retrospective study.. Can Vet J 2012 May;53(5):502-10.
- Ayala I, Rodríguez MJ, Aguirre C, Buendía AJ, Belda E, Laredo FG. Postanesthetic brachial triceps myonecrosis in a Spanish-bred horse.. Can Vet J 2009 Feb;50(2):189-93.
- Edner AH, Nyman GC, Essén-Gustavsson B. Metabolism before, during and after anaesthesia in colic and healthy horses.. Acta Vet Scand 2007 Nov 15;49(1):34.
- Serteyn D, Pincemail J, Mottart E, Caudron I, Deby C, Deby-Dupont G, Philippart C, Lamy M. [Direct approach for demonstrating free radical phenomena during equine postanesthetic myopathy: preliminary study].. Can J Vet Res 1994 Oct;58(4):309-12.
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