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BMC veterinary research2012; 8; 41; doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-41

Inflammatory responses to induced infectious endometritis in mares resistant or susceptible to persistent endometritis.

Abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, IL-1 receptor antagonist [ra] and serum amyloid A (SAA) in endometrial tissue and circulating leukocytes in response to uterine inoculation of 105 colony forming units (CFU) Escherichia coli in mares. Before inoculation, mares were classified as resistant or susceptible to persistent endometritis based on their uterine inflammatory response to infusion of 109 killed spermatozoa and histological assessment of the endometrial quality. Endometrial biopsies were obtained 3, 12, 24 and 72 hours (h) after bacterial inoculation and blood samples were obtained during the 7 day period post bacterial inoculation. Expression levels of cytokines and SAA were determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). Results: Compared to levels in a control biopsy (obtained in the subsequent estrous), resistant mares showed an up-regulation of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α at 3 h after E. coli inoculation, while susceptible mares showed increased gene expression of IL-6 and IL-1ra. Susceptible mares had a significant lower gene expression of TNF-α,IL-6 and increased expression of IL-1ra 3 h after E. coli inoculation compared to resistant mares. Susceptible mares showed a sustained and prolonged inflammatory response with increased gene expression levels of IL-1β, IL-8, IL-1ra and IL-1β:IL-1ra ratio throughout the entire study period (72 h), whereas levels in resistant mares returned to estrous control levels by 12 hours. Endometrial mRNA transcripts of IL-1β and IL-1ra were significantly higher in mares with heavy uterine bacterial growth compared to mares with no/mild growth.All blood parameters were unaffected by intrauterine E. coli infusion, except for a lower gene expression of IL-10 at 168 h and an increased expression of IL-1ra at 48 h observed in susceptible mares compared to resistant mares. Conclusions: The current investigation suggests that endometrial mRNA transcripts of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to endometritis are finely regulated in resistant mares, with initial high expression levels followed by normalization within a short period of time. Susceptible mares had a prolonged expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, supporting the hypothesis that an unbalanced endometrial gene expression of inflammatory cytokines might play an important role in the pathogenesis of persistent endometritis.
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Publication Date: 2012-03-29 PubMed ID: 22458733PubMed Central: PMC3368729DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-41Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates how the gene expression of certain inflammatory proteins changes in response to artificially induced uterine infections in mares. Differences between mares that are resistant and those susceptible to chronic uterine inflammation were analyzed to better understand the role of these inflammatory proteins in the persistence of uterine inflammation.

Research Methodology

  • The researchers divided the mares into two groups based on their resilience to chronic uterine inflammation. This was determined through their inflammatory response to a large number of killed sperm cells and a histological examination of their uterine tissue.
  • They induced a uterine infection in each mare by inoculating them with 105 CFU Escherichia coli and collected endometrial biopsies at 3, 12, 24 and 72 hours after the inoculation process.
  • Blood samples were taken over the course of 7 days following the E. coli inoculation.
  • They utilised real-time reverse transcriptase PCR, a method used to measure gene expression levels, to determine the levels of inflammatory cytokines and serum amyloid A (a protein associated with inflammation) in the endometrial tissue and circulating blood cells.

Results

  • Resistant mares displayed an increase in the gene expression of certain inflammatory cytokines within the first 3 hours of infection. This increase subsided and returned to normal levels by 12 hours.
  • Susceptible mares also evidenced an increased gene expression of some inflammatory cytokines, but this response was sustained, and their levels remained elevated throughout the 72-hour study period.
  • Endometrial mRNA levels of specific pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly higher in mares with heavy uterine bacterial growth as compared to mares with no or mild growth.
  • The majority of blood parameters remained unaffected by the intrauterine E. coli infection, with a few exceptions manifested differently in resistant and susceptible mares.

Conclusion

  • The study indicates that the manner in which the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines is regulated is crucial in the body’s response to uterine infections. The early spike in levels, followed by normalization in resistant mares, suggests a well-balanced inflammatory response.
  • Susceptible mares, on the other hand, show prolonged inflammation due to an extended period of elevated inflammatory protein levels. This supports the theory that an imbalance in the gene expression of inflammatory proteins can contribute significantly to the progression of chronic uterine inflammation.

Cite This Article

APA
Christoffersen M, Woodward E, Bojesen AM, Jacobsen S, Petersen MR, Troedsson MH, Lehn-Jensen H. (2012). Inflammatory responses to induced infectious endometritis in mares resistant or susceptible to persistent endometritis. BMC Vet Res, 8, 41. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-8-41

Publication

BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
NlmUniqueID: 101249759
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 8
Pages: 41

Researcher Affiliations

Christoffersen, Mette
  • Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlaegevej 68, Frederiksberg, Copenhagen DK-1870, Denmark. metc@life.ku.dk
Woodward, Elizabeth
    Bojesen, Anders M
      Jacobsen, Stine
        Petersen, Morten R
          Troedsson, Mats Ht
            Lehn-Jensen, Henrik

              MeSH Terms

              • Animals
              • Biopsy / veterinary
              • Cytokines / genetics
              • Cytokines / immunology
              • Endometritis / genetics
              • Endometritis / immunology
              • Endometritis / veterinary
              • Female
              • Gene Expression Profiling / veterinary
              • Gene Expression Regulation
              • Horse Diseases / genetics
              • Horse Diseases / immunology
              • Horses
              • Inflammation / genetics
              • Inflammation / immunology
              • Inflammation / veterinary
              • Least-Squares Analysis
              • RNA, Messenger / chemistry
              • RNA, Messenger / genetics
              • Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary

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