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American journal of veterinary research2009; 70(8); 964-972; doi: 10.2460/ajvr.70.8.964

Influence of bone cements on bone-screw interfaces in the third metacarpal and third metatarsal bones of horses.

Abstract: To compare biomechanical strength, interface quality, and effects of bone healing in bone-implant interfaces that were untreated or treated with calcium phosphate cement (Ca-cement), magnesium phosphate cement (Mg-cement), or polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in horses. Methods: 6 adult horses. Methods: 4 screw holes were created (day 0) in each third metacarpal and third metatarsal bone of 6 horses. In each bone, a unicortical screw was placed in each hole following application of Ca-cement, Mg-cement, PMMA, or no treatment (24 screw holes/treatment). Screws were inserted to 2.82 N m torque. Horses were euthanized and bones were harvested at day 5 (16 screw holes/treatment) or day 182 (8 screw holes/treatment). Radiography, biomechanical testing, histomorphometry, and micro-computed tomography were performed to characterize the bone-implant interfaces. Results: Use of Mg-cement increased the peak torque to failure at bone-implant interfaces, compared with the effects of no treatment and Ca-cement, and increased interface toughness, compared with the effects of no treatment, Ca-cement, and PMMA. Histologically, there was 44% less Ca-cement and 69% less Mg-cement at the interfaces at day 182, compared with amounts present at day 5. Within screw threads, Ca-cement increased mineral density, compared with PMMA or no treatment. In the bone adjacent to the screw, Mg-cement increased mineral density, compared with PMMA or no treatment. One untreated and 1 Ca-cement-treated screw backed out after day 5. Conclusions: In horses, Mg-cement promoted bone-implant bonding and adjacent bone osteogenesis, which may reduce the risk of screw loosening.
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Publication Date: 2009-08-04 PubMed ID: 19645577DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.70.8.964Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Clinical Trial
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research aims at comparing the strength, quality, and healing effects of bone-implant interfaces in horses that have been treated with different bone cements. The study found that the use of magnesium phosphate cement (Mg-cement) increased the strength and quality of bone-implant interfaces, hence the cement type can influence the likelihood of a screw loosening.

Methodology

  • The study involved six adult horses, focusing on their third metacarpal and third metatarsal bones.
  • In each bone, four screw holes were created, and a unicortical screw was placed in each hole following the application of calcium phosphate cement (Ca-cement), Mg-cement, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), or no treatment. A total of 24 screw holes were treated for each method.
  • The screws were inserted with a torque of 2.82 N m.
  • The horses were euthanized and the bones were collected on day 5 (for 16 screw holes per treatment) and day 182 (for 8 screw holes per treatment).
  • Various tests such as radiography, biomechanical testing, histomorphometry, and micro-computed tomography were performed to observe the bone-implant interfaces.

Results

  • The use of Mg-cement resulted in a marked increase in the torque to failure at the bone-implant interfaces as compared to no treatment and the use of Ca-cement. It also improved interface toughness against no treatment, Ca-cement, and PMMA.
  • By day 182, 44% less Ca-cement and 69% less Mg-cement was recorded at the interfaces compared to amounts present on the 5th day.
  • Calcium phosphate cement (Ca-cement) was found to increase mineral density within the screw threads when compared to PMMA or no treatment.
  • In the bone adjacent to the screw, Mg-cement raised the mineral density as compared to PMMA or no treatment.
  • One untreated and one Ca-cement-treated screw backed out after the 5th day.

Conclusions

  • The research concluded that in horses, the use of Mg-cement could enhance bone-implant bonding and adjacent bone osteogenesis, which might contribute to reducing the risk of a screw loosening within the bone.

Cite This Article

APA
Hirvinen LJ, Litsky AS, Samii VF, Weisbrode SE, Bertone AL. (2009). Influence of bone cements on bone-screw interfaces in the third metacarpal and third metatarsal bones of horses. Am J Vet Res, 70(8), 964-972. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.70.8.964

Publication

American journal of veterinary research
ISSN: 0002-9645
NlmUniqueID: 0375011
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 70
Issue: 8
Pages: 964-972

Researcher Affiliations

Hirvinen, Laura J M
  • Comparative Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Litsky, Alan S
    Samii, Valerie F
      Weisbrode, Steven E
        Bertone, Alicia L

          MeSH Terms

          • Analysis of Variance
          • Animals
          • Bone Cements
          • Bone Screws
          • Calcium Phosphates
          • Fracture Fixation, Internal / veterinary
          • Fracture Healing / physiology
          • Horses / physiology
          • Horses / surgery
          • Magnesium
          • Metacarpal Bones / diagnostic imaging
          • Metacarpal Bones / surgery
          • Metatarsal Bones / diagnostic imaging
          • Metatarsal Bones / surgery
          • Osteogenesis / physiology
          • Polymethyl Methacrylate
          • X-Ray Microtomography

          Citations

          This article has been cited 6 times.
          1. Gelli R, Ridi F. An Overview of Magnesium-Phosphate-Based Cements as Bone Repair Materials. J Funct Biomater 2023 Aug 14;14(8).
            doi: 10.3390/jfb14080424pubmed: 37623668google scholar: lookup
          2. Bingol HB, Bender JCME, Opsteen JA, Leeuwenburgh SCG. Bone adhesive materials: From bench to bedside. Mater Today Bio 2023 Apr;19:100599.
            doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100599pubmed: 37063249google scholar: lookup
          3. Han Z, Wang B, Ren B, Liu Y, Zhang N, Wang Z, Liu J, Mao K. Characterization and Biomechanical Study of a Novel Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement. Life (Basel) 2022 Jul 5;12(7).
            doi: 10.3390/life12070997pubmed: 35888086google scholar: lookup
          4. Gelli R, Di Pompo G, Graziani G, Avnet S, Baldini N, Baglioni P, Ridi F. Unravelling the Effect of Citrate on the Features and Biocompatibility of Magnesium Phosphate-Based Bone Cements. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020 Oct 12;6(10):5538-5548.
            doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00983pubmed: 33320576google scholar: lookup
          5. Roller BL, Stoker AM, Cook JL. Elution properties of a resorbable magnesium phosphate cement. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2020 Oct;11(Suppl 5):S729-S734.
            doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.06.011pubmed: 32999547google scholar: lookup
          6. Liu C, Ren Z, Xu Y, Pang S, Zhao X, Zhao Y. Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys Developed as Bone Repair Materials: A Review. Scanning 2018;2018:9216314.
            doi: 10.1155/2018/9216314pubmed: 29725492google scholar: lookup
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