Influence of subclinical inflammatory airway disease on equine respiratory function evaluated by impulse oscillometry.
Abstract: Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) is a nonseptic condition of the lower respiratory tract. Its negative impact on respiratory function has previously been described using either forced expiration or forced oscillations techniques. However, sedation or drug-induced bronchoconstriction were usually required. The impulse oscillometry system (IOS) is a noninvasive and sensitive respiratory function test validated in horses, which could be useful to evaluate IAD-affected horses without further procedures. Objective: To determine the sensitivity of IOS in detecting alterations of the respiratory function in subclinically IAD-affected horses without inducing bronchoprovocation and to characterise their respiratory impedance according to frequency for each respiratory phase. Methods: Pulmonary function was evaluated at rest by IOS in 34 Standardbred trotters. According to the cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), 19 horses were defined as IAD-affected and 15 horses were used as control (CTL). Total respiratory resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) from 1-20 Hz as well as their inspiratory and expiratory components were compared between groups. Results: A significant increase of Rrs at the lower frequencies (R1-10 Hz) as well as a significant decrease of Xrs beyond 5 Hz (X5-20 Hz) was observed in IAD compared to CTL horses. IOS-data was also significantly different between inspiration and expiration in IAD-affected horses. In the whole population, both BALF eosinophil and mast cell counts were significantly correlated with IOS measurements. Conclusions: Functional respiratory impairment may be measured, even in the absence of clinical signs of disease. In IAD-affected horses, the different parameters of respiratory function (Rrs or Xrs) may vary depending on the inflammatory cell profiles represented in BALF. Conclusions: Impulse oscillometry could be used in a routine clinical setting as a noninvasive method for early detection of subclinical respiratory disease and of the results of treatment in horses.
Publication Date: 2009-07-01 PubMed ID: 19562901DOI: 10.2746/042516409x366121Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage
- Clinical Pathology
- Clinical Study
- Cytology
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Technique
- Disease
- Disease Diagnosis
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Horses
- Infection
- Inflammation
- Inflammatory Response
- Lung Health
- Noninvasive Procedures
- Pulmonary Health
- Respiratory Disease
- Standardbred Horses
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
Summary
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The research article investigates the potential of impulse oscillometry (IOS), a non-invasive respiratory function test, in detecting and characterizing the impacts of subclinical inflammatory airway disease (IAD) on horse breathing function, without the need for bronchoprovocation.
Research Objective
- The main objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of the IOS technique in identifying changes in the respiratory functions of horses that are subclinically affected by IAD, without resorting to bronchoprovocation. The researchers aimed at characterizing the respiratory impedance (resistance and reactance) of these horses according to frequency for each respiratory phase.
Methodology
- To conduct this research, pulmonary function at rest was assessed using IOS on 34 Standardbred trotters.
- Based on cytology of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), 19 horses were determined as affected by IAD, and the remaining 15 horses were used as the control group.
- The total respiratory resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) ranging from 1 to 20 Hz, including their inspiratory and expiratory components, were compared between the two groups.
Results
- The researchers noted a significant increase of Rrs at lower frequencies (Rho1-10 Hz) and a significant decrease of Xrs beyond 5 Hz (X5-20 Hz) in IAD horses compared to the control group.
- IOS data also showed significant differences between inspiration and expiration phases for IAD-affected horses.
- Interestingly, a significant correlation was found between both the BALF eosinophil and mast cell counts and IOS measurements across all horses in the study.
Conclusions
- The researchers concluded that even when there are no clinical signs of disease, functional respiratory impairment in IAD-affected horses could be measured.
- The different parameters of respiratory function (like Rrs or Xrs) may vary based on the inflammatory cell profiles reflected in BALF for horses with IAD.
- Most importantly, the findings suggest that the IOS could be used routinely in a clinical setting as a non-invasive method for early detection of subclinical respiratory diseases and to determine the results of treatments in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Richard EA, Fortier GD, Denoix JM, Art T, Lekeux PM, Van Erck E.
(2009).
Influence of subclinical inflammatory airway disease on equine respiratory function evaluated by impulse oscillometry.
Equine Vet J, 41(4), 384-389.
https://doi.org/10.2746/042516409x366121 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bat. B42, University of Liège, 20 Boulevard de Colonster, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horses
- Inflammation / diagnosis
- Inflammation / pathology
- Inflammation / veterinary
- Oscillometry / methods
- Oscillometry / veterinary
- Respiratory Tract Diseases / diagnosis
- Respiratory Tract Diseases / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 17 times.- Woodrow JS, Hines M, Sommardahl C, Flatland B, Lo Y, Wang Z, Sheats MK, Lennon EM. Initial investigation of molecular phenotypes of airway mast cells and cytokine profiles in equine asthma.. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:997139.
- Akula S, Riihimäki M, Waern I, Åbrink M, Raine A, Hellman L, Wernersson S. Quantitative Transcriptome Analysis of Purified Equine Mast Cells Identifies a Dominant Mucosal Mast Cell Population with Possible Inflammatory Functions in Airways of Asthmatic Horses.. Int J Mol Sci 2022 Nov 12;23(22).
- Lo Feudo CM, Stancari G, Collavo F, Stucchi L, Conturba B, Zucca E, Ferrucci F. Upper and Lower Airways Evaluation and Its Relationship with Dynamic Upper Airway Obstruction in Racehorses.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Jun 17;12(12).
- Kozłowska N, Wierzbicka M, Jasiński T, Domino M. Advances in the Diagnosis of Equine Respiratory Diseases: A Review of Novel Imaging and Functional Techniques.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Feb 4;12(3).
- Stucchi L, Ferrucci F, Bullone M, Dellacà RL, Lavoie JP. Within-Breath Oscillatory Mechanics in Horses Affected by Severe Equine Asthma in Exacerbation and in Remission of the Disease.. Animals (Basel) 2021 Dec 21;12(1).
- Bessonnat A, Hélie P, Grimes C, Lavoie JP. Airway remodeling in horses with mild and moderate asthma.. J Vet Intern Med 2022 Jan;36(1):285-291.
- Herteman N, Mosing M, Waldmann AD, Gerber V, Schoster A. Exercise-induced airflow changes in horses with asthma measured by electrical impedance tomography.. J Vet Intern Med 2021 Sep;35(5):2500-2510.
- Dixon CE, Bedenice D, Mazan MR. Comparison of Flowmetric Plethysmography and Forced Oscillatory Mechanics to Measure Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Horses.. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:511023.
- Couetil L, Cardwell JM, Leguillette R, Mazan M, Richard E, Bienzle D, Bullone M, Gerber V, Ivester K, Lavoie JP, Martin J, Moran G, Niedźwiedź A, Pusterla N, Swiderski C. Equine Asthma: Current Understanding and Future Directions.. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:450.
- Davis KU, Sheats MK. Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cytology Characteristics and Seasonal Changes in a Herd of Pastured Teaching Horses.. Front Vet Sci 2019;6:74.
- Bond S, Léguillette R, Richard EA, Couetil L, Lavoie JP, Martin JG, Pirie RS. Equine asthma: Integrative biologic relevance of a recently proposed nomenclature.. J Vet Intern Med 2018 Nov;32(6):2088-2098.
- Bond SL, Timsit E, Workentine M, Alexander T, Léguillette R. Upper and lower respiratory tract microbiota in horses: bacterial communities associated with health and mild asthma (inflammatory airway disease) and effects of dexamethasone.. BMC Microbiol 2017 Aug 23;17(1):184.
- Bullone M, Hélie P, Joubert P, Lavoie JP. Development of a Semiquantitative Histological Score for the Diagnosis of Heaves Using Endobronchial Biopsy Specimens in Horses.. J Vet Intern Med 2016 Sep;30(5):1739-1746.
- Couëtil LL, Cardwell JM, Gerber V, Lavoie JP, Léguillette R, Richard EA. Inflammatory Airway Disease of Horses--Revised Consensus Statement.. J Vet Intern Med 2016 Mar-Apr;30(2):503-15.
- Richard EA, Depecker M, Defontis M, Leleu C, Fortier G, Pitel PH, Couroucé-Malblanc A. Cytokine concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from horses with neutrophilic inflammatory airway disease.. J Vet Intern Med 2014 Nov-Dec;28(6):1838-44.
- Ivester KM, Couëtil LL, Moore GE, Zimmerman NJ, Raskin RE. Environmental exposures and airway inflammation in young thoroughbred horses.. J Vet Intern Med 2014 May-Jun;28(3):918-24.
- Onmaz AC, Stoklas-Schmidt C, van den Hoven R. Daily variability of forced oscillometry parameters in horses suffering recurrent airway obstruction, a pilot study.. Vet Res Commun 2013 Mar;37(1):11-7.
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