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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Vet Intern Med / Insect Bite Hypersensitivity in Horses is Associated with Ai...
Journal of veterinary internal medicine2017; 31(6); 1877-1883; doi: 10.1111/jvim.14817

Insect Bite Hypersensitivity in Horses is Associated with Airway Hyperreactivity.

Abstract: Genetic and epidemiologic evidence suggests that in horses, as in other species, different manifestations of hypersensitivity may occur together. Objective: Horses affected with insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) show airway hyperreactivity (AH) to inhaled histamine, even in the absence of overt clinical signs of equine asthma (EA). Methods: Twenty-two healthy controls (group C), 24 horses suffering from IBH alone (group IBH), and 23 horses suffering from IBH and EA (group IBH/EA). Methods: The clinical histories were assessed using 2 standardized questionnaires, the Horse Owner Assessed Respiratory Signs Index (HOARSI), and IBH scoring. Horses were classified as EA-affected if their HOARSI was >1 and as IBH-affected if IBH score was >0. Confounding disorders were excluded by clinical examination. The arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO ) was measured and flowmetric plethysmography used to assess airway reactivity to increasing doses of inhaled histamine. Results: The median histamine provocation concentration (PC) when ∆ values increased by 35% (PC35) was significantly higher in group C (5.94 [1.11-26.33] mg/mL) compared to group IBH (2.95 [0.23-10.13] mg/mL) and group IBH/EA (2.03 [0.43-10.94] mg/mL; P < 0.01). The PC50 and PC75 showed very similar differences between groups. Furthermore, PaO was significantly lower in group IBH (84 ± 8 mmHg) and group IBH/EA (78 ± 11 mmHg) compared to group C (89 ± 6 mmHg; P < 0.01). Conclusions: IBH is associated with AH and decreased PaO , even in the absence of overt respiratory clinical signs.
Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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Publication Date: 2017-09-18 PubMed ID: 28921663PubMed Central: PMC5697210DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14817Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates the correlation between Insect Bite Hypersensitivity (IBH) and airway hyperreactivity in horses, revealing that horses affected with IBH show airway hyperreactivity, even without visible clinical signs of equine asthma.

Research Methods

  • The research collected data from three groups of horses: 22 healthy controls (group C), 24 horses suffering from IBH alone (group IBH), and 23 horses suffering from both IBH and equine asthma (group IBH/EA).
  • The horses’ clinical histories were analyzed via standardized questionnaires – the Horse Owner Assessed Respiratory Signs Index (HOARSI), and Insect Bite Hypersensitivity (IBH) scoring.
  • Horses were categorized as having Equine Asthma (EA) if their HOARSI score was above 1, and as being affected by IBH if their IBH score was bigger than 0.
  • Any horses with potential confounding conditions were eliminated from the study following a clinical examination.
  • The arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO) was measured. This is a determinant of gas transfer from air to blood in the lungs.
  • The researchers used flowmetric plethysmography to gauge the horses’ airway reactivity to increasing doses of inhaled histamine.

Study Findings

  • The median histamine provocation concentration was significantly higher in the control group when compared with groups IBH and IBH/EA. These results highlight an increased airway reactivity in horses affected by IBH and equine asthma as they react to lower concentrations of histamine.
  • Similar differences between the groups were also observed at the PC50 and PC75 levels, further confirming increased airway reactivity in the groups suffering from IBH and IBH/EA.
  • The PaO was significantly lower in groups IBH and IBH/EA than in group C, thus linking a decreased oxygen pressure to horses suffering from IBH, even when there are no visible respiratory clinical signs.

Conclusions

  • The study suggested a relationship between IBH and airway hyperreactivity as well as decreased arterial oxygen pressure in horses, even in the absence of visible clinical signs related to the respiratory system.
  • These findings could prompt further research on the causes of IBH and potential preventative measures or treatments.

Cite This Article

APA
Lanz S, Brunner A, Graubner C, Marti E, Gerber V. (2017). Insect Bite Hypersensitivity in Horses is Associated with Airway Hyperreactivity. J Vet Intern Med, 31(6), 1877-1883. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.14817

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 31
Issue: 6
Pages: 1877-1883

Researcher Affiliations

Lanz, S
  • Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, University of Bern and Agroscope, Berne, Switzerland.
Brunner, A
  • Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, University of Bern and Agroscope, Berne, Switzerland.
Graubner, C
  • Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, University of Bern and Agroscope, Berne, Switzerland.
Marti, E
  • Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Berne, Switzerland.
Gerber, V
  • Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, University of Bern and Agroscope, Berne, Switzerland.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Asthma / veterinary
  • Bronchial Hyperreactivity / chemically induced
  • Bronchial Hyperreactivity / veterinary
  • Female
  • Histamine / administration & dosage
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horse Diseases / immunology
  • Horse Diseases / pathology
  • Horses
  • Hypersensitivity / immunology
  • Hypersensitivity / veterinary
  • Insect Bites and Stings / immunology
  • Insect Bites and Stings / veterinary
  • Male
  • Oxygen / metabolism
  • Plethysmography / veterinary
  • Switzerland

Conflict of Interest Statement

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 12 times.
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