FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Journal of veterinary internal medicine2017; 31(6); 1877-1883; doi: 10.1111/jvim.14817

Insect Bite Hypersensitivity in Horses is Associated with Airway Hyperreactivity.

Abstract: Genetic and epidemiologic evidence suggests that in horses, as in other species, different manifestations of hypersensitivity may occur together. Objective: Horses affected with insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) show airway hyperreactivity (AH) to inhaled histamine, even in the absence of overt clinical signs of equine asthma (EA). Methods: Twenty-two healthy controls (group C), 24 horses suffering from IBH alone (group IBH), and 23 horses suffering from IBH and EA (group IBH/EA). Methods: The clinical histories were assessed using 2 standardized questionnaires, the Horse Owner Assessed Respiratory Signs Index (HOARSI), and IBH scoring. Horses were classified as EA-affected if their HOARSI was >1 and as IBH-affected if IBH score was >0. Confounding disorders were excluded by clinical examination. The arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO ) was measured and flowmetric plethysmography used to assess airway reactivity to increasing doses of inhaled histamine. Results: The median histamine provocation concentration (PC) when ∆ values increased by 35% (PC35) was significantly higher in group C (5.94 [1.11-26.33] mg/mL) compared to group IBH (2.95 [0.23-10.13] mg/mL) and group IBH/EA (2.03 [0.43-10.94] mg/mL; P < 0.01). The PC50 and PC75 showed very similar differences between groups. Furthermore, PaO was significantly lower in group IBH (84 ± 8 mmHg) and group IBH/EA (78 ± 11 mmHg) compared to group C (89 ± 6 mmHg; P < 0.01). Conclusions: IBH is associated with AH and decreased PaO , even in the absence of overt respiratory clinical signs.
Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2017-09-18 PubMed ID: 28921663PubMed Central: PMC5697210DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14817Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates the correlation between Insect Bite Hypersensitivity (IBH) and airway hyperreactivity in horses, revealing that horses affected with IBH show airway hyperreactivity, even without visible clinical signs of equine asthma.

Research Methods

  • The research collected data from three groups of horses: 22 healthy controls (group C), 24 horses suffering from IBH alone (group IBH), and 23 horses suffering from both IBH and equine asthma (group IBH/EA).
  • The horses’ clinical histories were analyzed via standardized questionnaires – the Horse Owner Assessed Respiratory Signs Index (HOARSI), and Insect Bite Hypersensitivity (IBH) scoring.
  • Horses were categorized as having Equine Asthma (EA) if their HOARSI score was above 1, and as being affected by IBH if their IBH score was bigger than 0.
  • Any horses with potential confounding conditions were eliminated from the study following a clinical examination.
  • The arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO) was measured. This is a determinant of gas transfer from air to blood in the lungs.
  • The researchers used flowmetric plethysmography to gauge the horses’ airway reactivity to increasing doses of inhaled histamine.

Study Findings

  • The median histamine provocation concentration was significantly higher in the control group when compared with groups IBH and IBH/EA. These results highlight an increased airway reactivity in horses affected by IBH and equine asthma as they react to lower concentrations of histamine.
  • Similar differences between the groups were also observed at the PC50 and PC75 levels, further confirming increased airway reactivity in the groups suffering from IBH and IBH/EA.
  • The PaO was significantly lower in groups IBH and IBH/EA than in group C, thus linking a decreased oxygen pressure to horses suffering from IBH, even when there are no visible respiratory clinical signs.

Conclusions

  • The study suggested a relationship between IBH and airway hyperreactivity as well as decreased arterial oxygen pressure in horses, even in the absence of visible clinical signs related to the respiratory system.
  • These findings could prompt further research on the causes of IBH and potential preventative measures or treatments.

Cite This Article

APA
Lanz S, Brunner A, Graubner C, Marti E, Gerber V. (2017). Insect Bite Hypersensitivity in Horses is Associated with Airway Hyperreactivity. J Vet Intern Med, 31(6), 1877-1883. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.14817

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 31
Issue: 6
Pages: 1877-1883

Researcher Affiliations

Lanz, S
  • Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, University of Bern and Agroscope, Berne, Switzerland.
Brunner, A
  • Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, University of Bern and Agroscope, Berne, Switzerland.
Graubner, C
  • Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, University of Bern and Agroscope, Berne, Switzerland.
Marti, E
  • Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Berne, Switzerland.
Gerber, V
  • Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, University of Bern and Agroscope, Berne, Switzerland.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Asthma / veterinary
  • Bronchial Hyperreactivity / chemically induced
  • Bronchial Hyperreactivity / veterinary
  • Female
  • Histamine / administration & dosage
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horse Diseases / immunology
  • Horse Diseases / pathology
  • Horses
  • Hypersensitivity / immunology
  • Hypersensitivity / veterinary
  • Insect Bites and Stings / immunology
  • Insect Bites and Stings / veterinary
  • Male
  • Oxygen / metabolism
  • Plethysmography / veterinary
  • Switzerland

Conflict of Interest Statement

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

This article includes 34 references
  1. Kehrli D, Jandova V, Fey K, Jahn P, Gerber V. Multiple hypersensitivities including recurrent airway obstruction, insect bite hypersensitivity, and urticaria in 2 warmblood horse populations.. J Vet Intern Med 2015 Jan;29(1):320-6.
    pmc: PMC4858110pubmed: 25270534doi: 10.1111/jvim.12473google scholar: lookup
  2. Schaffartzik A, Hamza E, Janda J, Crameri R, Marti E, Rhyner C. Equine insect bite hypersensitivity: what do we know?. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012 Jun 30;147(3-4):113-26.
    pubmed: 22575371doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.03.017google scholar: lookup
  3. Bullone M, Lavoie JP. Asthma "of horses and men"--how can equine heaves help us better understand human asthma immunopathology and its functional consequences?. Mol Immunol 2015 Jul;66(1):97-105.
    pubmed: 25547716doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.12.005google scholar: lookup
  4. Couëtil LL, Cardwell JM, Gerber V, Lavoie JP, Léguillette R, Richard EA. Inflammatory Airway Disease of Horses--Revised Consensus Statement.. J Vet Intern Med 2016 Mar-Apr;30(2):503-15.
    pmc: PMC4913592pubmed: 26806374doi: 10.1111/jvim.13824google scholar: lookup
  5. Spergel JM, Paller AS. Atopic dermatitis and the atopic march.. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003 Dec;112(6 Suppl):S118-27.
    pubmed: 14657842doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2003.09.033google scholar: lookup
  6. Carlotti D, Prost C. L'atopie feline. Point Vét 1998;20:777–784.
  7. Olivry T, Hill PB. The ACVD task force on canine atopic dermatitis (IX): the controversy surrounding the route of allergen challenge in canine atopic dermatitis.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2001 Sep 20;81(3-4):219-25.
    pubmed: 11553383doi: 10.1016/s0165-2427(01)00311-7google scholar: lookup
  8. Mazan MR, Hoffman AM, Manjerovic N. Comparison of forced oscillation with the conventional method for histamine bronchoprovocation testing in horses.. Am J Vet Res 1999 Feb;60(2):174-80.
    pubmed: 10048547
  9. Hoffman A, Kuehn H, Riedelberger K, Kupcinskas R, Miskovic MB. Flowmetric comparison of respiratory inductance plethysmography and pneumotachography in horses.. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2001 Dec;91(6):2767-75.
    pubmed: 11717245doi: 10.1152/jappl.2001.91.6.2767google scholar: lookup
  10. Rettmer H, Hoffman AM, Lanz S, Oertly M, Gerber V. Owner-reported coughing and nasal discharge are associated with clinical findings, arterial oxygen tension, mucus score and bronchoprovocation in horses with recurrent airway obstruction in a field setting.. Equine Vet J 2015 May;47(3):291-5.
    pubmed: 24761754doi: 10.1111/evj.12286google scholar: lookup
  11. Babel C. Etude pilote sur l'incidence de l'hypersensibilité pulmonaire chez les chevaux ayant des allergies, 1ère partie: étude de l’échantillon basé sur des chevaux atteints de dermatite estivale. In: Vetsuisse Faculty. Berne: University of Bern; 2014.
  12. Ramseyer A, Gaillard C, Burger D, Straub R, Jost U, Boog C, Marti E, Gerber V. Effects of genetic and environmental factors on chronic lower airway disease in horses.. J Vet Intern Med 2007 Jan-Feb;21(1):149-56.
    pubmed: 17338163doi: 10.1892/0891-6640(2007)21[149:eogaef]2.0.co;2google scholar: lookup
  13. Nolen-Walston RD, Kuehn H, Boston RC, Mazan MR, Wilkins PA, Bruns S, Hoffman AM. Reproducibility of airway responsiveness in horses using flowmetric plethysmography and histamine bronchoprovocation.. J Vet Intern Med 2009 May-Jun;23(3):631-5.
    pubmed: 19645846doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0307.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  14. Kurt E, Demir AU, Cadirci O, Yildirim H, Pinar Eser T. Immediate-type drug hypersensitivity and associated factors in a general population.. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2011 Jan-Feb;39(1):27-31.
    pubmed: 20675031doi: 10.1016/j.aller.2010.02.009google scholar: lookup
  15. Swinburne JE, Bogle H, Klukowska-Rötzler J, Drögemüller M, Leeb T, Temperton E, Dolf G, Gerber V. A whole-genome scan for recurrent airway obstruction in Warmblood sport horses indicates two positional candidate regions.. Mamm Genome 2009 Aug;20(8):504-15.
    pubmed: 19760324doi: 10.1007/s00335-009-9214-5google scholar: lookup
  16. Jost U, Klukowska-Rötzler J, Dolf G, Swinburne JE, Ramseyer A, Bugno M, Burger D, Blott S, Gerber V. A region on equine chromosome 13 is linked to recurrent airway obstruction in horses.. Equine Vet J 2007 May;39(3):236-41.
    pubmed: 17520975doi: 10.2746/042516407x171110google scholar: lookup
  17. Shakhsi-Niaei M, Klukowska-Rötzler J, Drögemüller C, Swinburne J, Ehrmann C, Saftic D, Ramseyer A, Gerber V, Dolf G, Leeb T. Replication and fine-mapping of a QTL for recurrent airway obstruction in European Warmblood horses.. Anim Genet 2012 Oct;43(5):627-31.
    pubmed: 22497545doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02315.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  18. Bottema RW, Nolte IM, Howard TD, Koppelman GH, Dubois AE, de Meer G, Kerkhof M, Bleecker ER, Meyers DA, Postma DS. Interleukin 13 and interleukin 4 receptor-α polymorphisms in rhinitis and asthma.. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2010;153(3):259-67.
    pubmed: 20484924doi: 10.1159/000314366google scholar: lookup
  19. Novak N, Bieber T. Allergic and nonallergic forms of atopic diseases.. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003 Aug;112(2):252-62.
    pubmed: 12897728doi: 10.1067/mai.2003.1595google scholar: lookup
  20. Bieber T. Atopic dermatitis.. Ann Dermatol 2010 May;22(2):125-37.
    pmc: PMC2883413pubmed: 20548901doi: 10.5021/ad.2010.22.2.125google scholar: lookup
  21. Marenholz I, Nickel R, Rüschendorf F, Schulz F, Esparza-Gordillo J, Kerscher T, Grüber C, Lau S, Worm M, Keil T, Kurek M, Zaluga E, Wahn U, Lee YA. Filaggrin loss-of-function mutations predispose to phenotypes involved in the atopic march.. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006 Oct;118(4):866-71.
    pubmed: 17030239doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.07.026google scholar: lookup
  22. Redlich CA, Herrick CA. Lung/skin connections in occupational lung disease.. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2008 Apr;8(2):115-9.
    pubmed: 18317018doi: 10.1097/aci.0b013e3282f85a31google scholar: lookup
  23. Peeters LM, Janssens S, Brebels M, Buys N. Genetic parameters and estimated breeding values of insect bite hypersensitivity in Belgian Warmblood horses.. Vet J 2015 Dec;206(3):420-2.
    pubmed: 26586216doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.08.012google scholar: lookup
  24. Lange S. Untersuchung zur Vererbung des Sommerekzems beim Islandpferd. Hannover, Germany: Tierärztliche Hochschule; 2004.
  25. Eriksson S, Grandinson K, Fikse WF, Lindberg L, Mikko S, Broström H, Frey R, Sundquist M, Lindgren G. Genetic analysis of insect bite hypersensitivity (summer eczema) in Icelandic horses.. Animal 2008 Mar;2(3):360-5.
    pubmed: 22445037doi: 10.1017/s1751731107001413google scholar: lookup
  26. Schurink A, van Grevenhof EM, Ducro BJ, van Arendonk JA. Heritability and repeatability of insect bite hypersensitivity in Dutch Shetland breeding mares.. J Anim Sci 2009 Feb;87(2):484-90.
    pubmed: 18791140doi: 10.2527/jas.2008-1129google scholar: lookup
  27. Schurink A, Ducro BJ, Heuven HC, van Arendonk JA. Genetic parameters of insect bite hypersensitivity in Dutch Friesian broodmares.. J Anim Sci 2011 May;89(5):1286-93.
    pubmed: 21239662doi: 10.2527/jas.2010-3222google scholar: lookup
  28. Claassen-Weitz S, Wiysonge CS, Machingaidze S, Thabane L, Horsnell WG, Zar HJ, Nicol MP, Kaba M. Current Knowledge and Future Research Directions on Fecal Bacterial Patterns and Their Association with Asthma.. Front Microbiol 2016;7:838.
    pmc: PMC4925717pubmed: 27445990doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00838google scholar: lookup
  29. Laumen E, Doherr MG, Gerber V. Relationship of horse owner assessed respiratory signs index to characteristics of recurrent airway obstruction in two Warmblood families.. Equine Vet J 2010 Mar;42(2):142-8.
    pubmed: 20156250doi: 10.2746/042516409x479586google scholar: lookup
  30. Robinson NE. International Workshop on Equine Chronic Airway Disease. Michigan State University 16-18 June 2000.. Equine Vet J 2001 Jan;33(1):5-19.
    pubmed: 11191611doi: 10.2746/042516401776767412google scholar: lookup
  31. Hamza E, Akdis CA, Wagner B, Steinbach F, Marti E. In vitro induction of functional allergen-specific CD4+ CD25high Treg cells in horses affected with insect bite hypersensitivity.. Clin Exp Allergy 2013 Aug;43(8):889-901.
    pubmed: 23889243doi: 10.1111/cea.12131google scholar: lookup
  32. Wichtel M, Gomez D, Burton S, Wichtel J, Hoffman A. Relationships between equine airway reactivity measured by flowmetric plethysmography and specific indicators of airway inflammation in horses with suspected inflammatory airway disease.. Equine Vet J 2016 Jul;48(4):466-71.
    pubmed: 26174367doi: 10.1111/evj.12482google scholar: lookup
  33. Baselgia S, Doherr MG, Mellor P, Torsteinsdottir S, Jermann T, Zurbriggen A, Jungi T, Marti E. Evaluation of an in vitro sulphidoleukotriene release test for diagnosis of insect bite hypersensitivity in horses.. Equine Vet J 2006 Jan;38(1):40-6.
    pubmed: 16411585doi: 10.2746/042516406775374333google scholar: lookup
  34. van der Kolk JH, van Putten LA, Mulder CJ, Grinwis GC, Reijm M, Butler CM, von Blomberg BM. Gluten-dependent antibodies in horses with inflammatory small bowel disease (ISBD).. Vet Q 2012;32(1):3-11.
    pubmed: 22489998doi: 10.1080/01652176.2012.675636google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 14 times.
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,727 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.