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Animal genetics2023; 54(4); 457-469; doi: 10.1111/age.13320

Integrative genomics analysis highlights functionally relevant genes for equine behaviour.

Abstract: Behavioural plasticity enables horses entering an exercise training programme to adapt with reduced stress. We characterised SNPs associated with behaviour in yearling Thoroughbred horses using genomics analyses for two phenotypes: (1) handler-assessed coping with early training events [coping] (n = 96); and (2) variation in salivary cortisol concentration at the first backing event [cortisol] (n = 34). Using RNA-seq derived gene expression data for amygdala and hippocampus tissues from n = 2 Thoroughbred stallions, we refined the SNPs to those with functional relevance to behaviour by cross-referencing to the 500 most highly expressed genes in each tissue. The SNPs of high significance (q < 0.01) were in proximity to genes (coping - GABARAP, NDM, OAZ1, RPS15A, SPARCL1, VAMP2; cortisol - CEBPA, COA3, DUSP1, HNRNPH1, RACK1) with biological functions in social behaviour, autism spectrum disorder, suicide, stress-induced anxiety and depression, Alzheimer's disease, neurodevelopmental disorders, neuroinflammatory disease, fear-induced behaviours and alcohol and cocaine addiction. The strongest association (q = 0.0002) was with NDN, a gene previously associated with temperament in cattle. This approach highlights functionally relevant genes in the behavioural adaptation of Thoroughbred horses that will contribute to the development of genetic markers to improve racehorse welfare.
© 2023 The Authors. Animal Genetics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Stichting International Foundation for Animal Genetics.
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Publication Date: 2023-03-27 PubMed ID: 36971191DOI: 10.1111/age.13320Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study explores the genetic factors associated with the behavioural adaptation of yearling Thoroughbred horses to training programs, identifying significant genetic markers linked to their ability to cope with stress and early training events.

Objective and Methodology

  • The primary objective of the research was to uncover Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with behaviours in Thoroughbred horses when exposed to training. The behaviours of interest were coping ability during early training events and variation in salivary cortisol concentration at initial training phases—markers of stress and adaptation.
  • To accomplish this objective, the researchers used integrative genomic analyses to study genomic data from two phenotypes of yearling Thoroughbred horses undergoing exercise training programs. One phenotype was evaluated based on handler-assessed coping with early training events (n=96). The second phenotype was assessed based on variation in salivary cortisol concentration during the first backing event (n=34).
  • Furthermore, the researchers utilized RNA-seq derived gene expression data from amygdala and hippocampus tissues taken from two Thoroughbred stallions.
  • By cross-referencing the genomic data with the 500 most highly expressed genes in each tissue type, the team was able to refine their focus to SNPs with functional relevance to behaviour.

Key Findings

  • SNPs of high significance were found near genes known to affect various behavioural and mental health parameters, including social behaviour, autism spectrum disorder, suicide, stress-induced anxiety, depression and neurodevelopmental disorders. Other functions influenced by these genes include fear-induced behaviours and susceptibility to addiction.
  • Particular genes of note include GABARAP, NDM, OAZ1, RPS15A, SPARCL1, VAMP2 in the coping group, and CEBPA, COA3, DUSP1, HNRNPH1, RACK1 in the cortisol group.
  • The research recorded the strongest association with the NDN gene, a gene previously associated with temperament in cattle. This gene was found to have a high significance (q = 0.0002).

Significance and Application

  • The findings of this study shed light on the genetic basis of behavioural plasticity in Thoroughbred horses, particularly regarding their adaptability to exercise training.
  • This research can contribute significantly to the development of genetic markers used to enhance racehorse welfare. By better understanding the genetic foundations of stress and adaptability, it may be possible to design more effective and beneficial training programs.

Cite This Article

APA
Holtby AR, Hall TJ, McGivney BA, Han H, Murphy KJ, MacHugh DE, Katz LM, Hill EW. (2023). Integrative genomics analysis highlights functionally relevant genes for equine behaviour. Anim Genet, 54(4), 457-469. https://doi.org/10.1111/age.13320

Publication

Animal genetics
ISSN: 1365-2052
NlmUniqueID: 8605704
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 54
Issue: 4
Pages: 457-469

Researcher Affiliations

Holtby, Amy R
  • Plusvital Ltd, The Highline, Dun Laoghaire Industrial Estate, Dublin, Ireland.
  • UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Hall, Thomas J
  • UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
McGivney, Beatrice A
  • Plusvital Ltd, The Highline, Dun Laoghaire Industrial Estate, Dublin, Ireland.
Han, Haige
  • Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
Murphy, Keith J
  • Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
  • UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
MacHugh, David E
  • Plusvital Ltd, The Highline, Dun Laoghaire Industrial Estate, Dublin, Ireland.
  • UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Katz, Lisa M
  • UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Hill, Emmeline W
  • Plusvital Ltd, The Highline, Dun Laoghaire Industrial Estate, Dublin, Ireland.
  • UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

MeSH Terms

  • Horses / genetics
  • Animals
  • Male
  • Cattle
  • Hydrocortisone
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder
  • Genomics
  • Phenotype

Grant Funding

  • 19/FFP/6879 / Science Foundation Ireland

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Citations

This article has been cited 6 times.
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