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Frontiers in veterinary science2021; 7; 617647; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.617647

Interactions Between Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and the Recipient Immune System: A Comparative Review With Relevance to Equine Outcomes.

Abstract: Despite significant immunosuppressive activity, allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) carry an inherent risk of immune rejection when transferred into a recipient. In naïve recipients, this immune response is initially driven by the innate immune system, an immediate reaction to the foreign cells, and later, the adaptive immune system, a delayed response that causes cell death due to recognition of specific alloantigens by host cells and antibodies. This review describes the actions of MSCs to both suppress and activate the different arms of the immune system. We then review the survival and effectiveness of the currently used allogeneic MSC treatments.
Copyright © 2021 Kamm, Riley, Parlane, Gee and McIlwraith.
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Publication Date: 2021-01-13 PubMed ID: 33521090PubMed Central: PMC7838369DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.617647Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This paper reviews the interactions of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) when transferred into a different organism, primarily focusing on the immune responses they induce and the implications this has for the use of allogeneic MSC treatments.

Interactions of Allogenic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

  • This study looks into the complex interactions that occur when MSCs from one organism are transplanted into a different organism (allogenic transplantation). These are most commonly used in regenerative medicine due to their potential to differentiate into a variety of cell types.
  • Despite their potential benefits, allogenic MSCs face the inherent risk of being rejected by the recipient’s immune system, affecting cell survival and the efficacy of the treatment.

Immune Response to MSCs

  • In naive recipients(i.e. ones that have not been previously exposed to the transplanted cells), the immune response follows a twofold pattern.
  • Initially, the innate immune system triggers an immediate response to the foreign cells, leading to inflammation and destruction of the transplanted cells.
  • Subsequently, the adaptive immune system ensues a more specific and prolonged response that results in cell death due to alloantigens being recognized by host cells and antibodies. This can compromise the longevity and effectiveness of the MSC transplant.

MSCs’ Interaction with the Immune System

  • Mesenchymal stromal cells have a dual role in interacting with the immune system. On one hand, they exert a significant immunosuppressive activity, reducing the inflammation and immune response triggered by innate immunity, and promoting cell survival. This is critical for the survival of the transplants.
  • On the other hand, MSCs can also activate the immune system, potentially causing an adaptive immune response and leading to transplant rejection.

Survival and Effectiveness of Allogeneic MSC treatments

  • This paper further reviews the current state of allogeneic MSC treatments, focusing on their survival rates and their effectiveness in a clinical setting.
  • This includes discussing factors such as immunosuppressive conditioning of patients, the source of MSCs, the method of administration, and the extent of HLA mismatch, which can potentially affect the outcome of an allogeneic MSC transplant.

Cite This Article

APA
Kamm JL, Riley CB, Parlane N, Gee EK, McIlwraith CW. (2021). Interactions Between Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and the Recipient Immune System: A Comparative Review With Relevance to Equine Outcomes. Front Vet Sci, 7, 617647. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.617647

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 7
Pages: 617647
PII: 617647

Researcher Affiliations

Kamm, J Lacy
  • School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Riley, Christopher B
  • School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Parlane, Natalie
  • Hopkirk Laboratory, AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Gee, Erica K
  • School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
McIlwraith, C Wayne
  • Orthopaedic Research Center, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medical Institute, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.

Conflict of Interest Statement

JLK and CWM are partners in Advanced Regenerative Therapies New Zealand. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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