Interference of maternal antibodies with the immune response of foals after vaccination against equine influenza.
Abstract: The purpose of the study was twofold. First, using two groups of 22 foals each, we investigated the extent to which maternal antibodies interfere with the humoral response against equine influenza. The foals were born to mares that had been vaccinated twice yearly against influenza since 1982. Foals of group I were vaccinated three times at early ages (12, 16, and 32 weeks of age), and foals of group II were likewise vaccinated but a later ages (24, 28, and 44 weeks of age). After the first and second vaccinations, neither group showed an increase in antibodies that inhibit haemagglutination. Group II foals, however, had a significantly stronger antibody response against nucleoprotein after the second vaccination than the foals of group I. After the third vaccination, group II foals had a significantly stronger and longer lasting antibody response against haemagglutinin than the foals of group I. However, the antibody response to nucleoprotein was comparable in both groups. Second, the foals of group II were studied to determine the persistence of maternal antibodies directed against a common nucleoprotein and the haemagglutinin of two strains of equine influenza A virus. Biological half-lives of 39, 32, and 33 days were calculated for maternal antibodies directed against haemagglutinin of strains H7N7 Prague and H3N8 Miami, and against the nucleoprotein respectively. Maternal antibody titres at the time of vaccination were closely related to the degree of interference with the immune response. Because even small amounts of maternal antibodies interfered with the efficacy of vaccination, we conclude that foals born to mares vaccinated more than once yearly against influenza virus should not be vaccinated before 24 weeks of age.
Publication Date: 1992-01-01 PubMed ID: 1574831DOI: 10.1080/01652176.1992.9694319Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research studied how maternal antibodies impact the effectiveness of vaccinations against equine influenza in foals. The findings recommend not vaccinating foals born to mares that have been vaccinated more than once a year, against influenza virus, before they are 24 weeks old.
Objective of the Research
- The research aimed to figure out if and to what extent maternal antibodies can interfere with a foal’s immunity response after getting vaccinated against equine influenza.
- The study also sought to identify the life cycle of maternal antibodies against common nucleoprotein and haemagglutinins of two strains of equine influenza A virus.
Research Methodology
- Two groups of 22 foals each were used in the study, all born to mares which had been vaccinated twice yearly against influenza since 1982.
- The foals in group one were vaccinated three times at early ages (12, 16, and 32 weeks of age), and those in group two were vaccinated three times too but at later ages (24, 28, and 44 weeks of age).
Findings
- No significant increase in antibodies that inhibit haemagglutination was observed in either group after the first and second vaccinations.
- Group II foals however had a significantly stronger antibody response against nucleoprotein after the second vaccination compared to the foals of group I.
- After the third vaccination, group II foals had a significantly stronger and longer lasting antibody response against haemagglutinin than the foals of group I.
- Nonetheless, the antibody response to nucleoprotein was similar in both groups.
- Following analysis of group II foals, biological half-lives of 39, 32, and 33 days were calculated for maternal antibodies directed against haemagglutinin of strains H7N7 Prague and H3N8 Miami, and against the nucleoprotein respectively.
- It was observed that maternal antibody titres at the time of vaccination were closely associated with the level of interference with the immune response.
Conclusion
- Based on the findings, the research concluded that even slight amounts of maternal antibodies interfered with the effectiveness of the vaccination. Hence, it was recommended not to vaccinate foals born to mares vaccinated more than once yearly against influenza virus before they are 24 weeks old.
Cite This Article
APA
van Maanen C, Bruin G, de Boer-Luijtze E, Smolders G, de Boer GF.
(1992).
Interference of maternal antibodies with the immune response of foals after vaccination against equine influenza.
Vet Q, 14(1), 13-17.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.1992.9694319 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Central Veterinary Institute, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
MeSH Terms
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / biosynthesis
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Half-Life
- Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
- Hemagglutinins, Viral / immunology
- Horses / immunology
- Immunity, Maternally-Acquired
- Influenza A virus / immunology
- Influenza Vaccines / administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines / immunology
- Nucleocapsid Proteins
- Nucleoproteins / immunology
- Pregnancy
- RNA-Binding Proteins
- Random Allocation
- Regression Analysis
- Vaccination / veterinary
- Vaccines, Inactivated / administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Inactivated / immunology
- Viral Core Proteins / immunology
Citations
This article has been cited 19 times.- Ahearne MM, Pentzke-Lemus LL, Romano AM, Larsen ED, Watson AM, O'Fallon EA, Landolt GA. Disease progression, pathologic, and virologic findings of an equine influenza outbreak in rescue donkeys. J Vet Intern Med 2022 Nov;36(6):2230-2237.
- Oladunni FS, Oseni SO, Martinez-Sobrido L, Chambers TM. Equine Influenza Virus and Vaccines. Viruses 2021 Aug 20;13(8).
- Clemens EA, Alexander-Miller MA. Understanding Antibody Responses in Early Life: Baby Steps towards Developing an Effective Influenza Vaccine. Viruses 2021 Jul 17;13(7).
- Allkofer A, Garvey M, Ryan E, Lyons R, Ryan M, Lukaseviciute G, Walsh C, Venner M, Cullinane A. Primary vaccination in foals: a comparison of the serological response to equine influenza and equine herpesvirus vaccines administered concurrently or 2 weeks apart. Arch Virol 2021 Feb;166(2):571-579.
- Kinsley R, Pronost S, De Bock M, Temperton N, Daly JM, Paillot R, Scott S. Evaluation of a Pseudotyped Virus Neutralisation Test for the Measurement of Equine Influenza Virus-Neutralising Antibody Responses Induced by Vaccination and Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2020 Aug 21;8(3).
- Prkno A, Hoffmann D, Kaiser M, Goerigk D, Pfeffer M, Winter K, Vahlenkamp TW, Beer M, Starke A. Field Trial Vaccination against Cowpox in Two Alpaca Herds. Viruses 2020 Feb 20;12(2).
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