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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Res / Interferon-gamma, interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 productio...
Veterinary research2010; 41(4); 47; doi: 10.1051/vetres/2010019

Interferon-gamma, interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 production by T helper cells reveals intact Th1 and regulatory TR1 cell activation and a delay of the Th2 cell response in equine neonates and foals.

Abstract: Cytokines produced by T helper (Th) cells are important in orchestrating the immune response during health and disease. Recent reports indicated that cytokine mRNA expression in foals is often quantitatively lower than that of adult horses suggesting that foal T cells are not fully mature. Here, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from foals and adult horses were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and analyzed for intracellular interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10 production, representing the Th1, Th2 and regulatory TR1 cell phenotypes respectively, by flow cytometry. In agreement with previous reports, all three cytokines were quantitatively reduced in foals compared to adults. However, the balance between Th1 and Th2 cytokines (IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio) showed a clear Th1-biased response in foals by 6 and 12 weeks of life, while similar IFN-gamma/IL-10 ratios were found in foals and adult horses. By day 5 after birth, intracellular IFN-gamma production by foal CD4+ and CD8+ T cells resembled that in adults. Overall, IL-4 production was low in foals. IL-4+ cells peaked at day 5 of age when IL-4 was mainly produced by IgE+ cells. Relative percentages of IL-4+ Th2 cells were significantly lower in foals at all time points. The data suggested that equine neonates and young foals have an impaired Th2 response, that the immune response of foals is Th1 biased, that IFN-gamma production by Th and cytotoxic T cells is qualitatively similar to adult horses, and regulatory IL-10 production by T cells is developmentally mature in foals during the first three months of life.
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Publication Date: 2010-04-09 PubMed ID: 20374696PubMed Central: PMC2865874DOI: 10.1051/vetres/2010019Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study explores the production of specific cytokines by T helper (Th) cells in neonatal and young horses, observing a delay in the Th2 response, an intact Th1 and regulatory TR1 cell response, suggesting the immune system of young foals is Th1 biased and showing similarities to that of adult horses.

Introduction

  • The study investigates the production of cytokines by T helper (Th) cells in neonate and young foals (baby horses).
  • Cytokines are small proteins that play crucial roles in cell signalling and are important in health and disease.
  • Particularly, it explores the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and IL-10, which represent Th1, Th2, and regulatory TR1 cell phenotypes respectively.

Methodology

  • Blood samples were obtained from the foals and adult horses.
  • The peripheral blood mononuclear cells from these samples were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate – a substance used to stimulate cells in research settings.
  • The internal production of IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 by these cells was then analysed through flow cytometry – a technique used to measure the physical and chemical characteristics of particles in a fluid as it passes through a laser.

Findings

  • Findings showed that the production of all three cytokines was lower in foals than in adult horses, in line with previous reports.
  • The balance between Th1 and Th2 cytokines, represented by the IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio, indicated a Th1-biased response in young foals at 6 and 12 weeks of life.
  • By day 5 after birth, the production of IFN-gamma by foal CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was found to be similar to that in adults.
  • However, IL-4 production was generally low in foals, with a peak at day 5, and the percentage of IL-4+ Th2 cells was lower than in adults.

Conclusion

  • The data suggests that neonate and young foals have a delayed Th2 response compared to adults.
  • The immune response in foals is suggested to be Th1 biased, and the IFN-gamma production by Th and cytotoxic T cells is similar in quality to that in adult horses.
  • Lastly, it was found that the production of regulatory IL-10 by T cells is developmentally mature in foals during the first three months of life.

Cite This Article

APA
Wagner B, Burton A, Ainsworth D. (2010). Interferon-gamma, interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 production by T helper cells reveals intact Th1 and regulatory TR1 cell activation and a delay of the Th2 cell response in equine neonates and foals. Vet Res, 41(4), 47. https://doi.org/10.1051/vetres/2010019

Publication

Veterinary research
ISSN: 0928-4249
NlmUniqueID: 9309551
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 41
Issue: 4
Pages: 47
PII: 47

Researcher Affiliations

Wagner, Bettina
  • Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. bw73@cornell.edu
Burton, Alexandra
    Ainsworth, Dorothy

      MeSH Terms

      • Aging
      • Animals
      • Animals, Newborn / immunology
      • Horses / immunology
      • Interferon-gamma / biosynthesis
      • Interleukin-10 / biosynthesis
      • Interleukin-4 / biosynthesis
      • T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / physiology
      • T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / physiology

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