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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Res / Interstitial lung disease associated with Equine Infectious ...
Veterinary research2013; 44(1); 113; doi: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-113

Interstitial lung disease associated with Equine Infectious Anemia Virus infection in horses.

Abstract: EIA (Equine Infectious Anemia) is a blood-borne disease primarily transmitted by haematophagous insects or needle punctures. Other routes of transmission have been poorly explored. We evaluated the potential of EIAV (Equine Infectious Anemia Virus) to induce pulmonary lesions in naturally infected equids. Lungs from 77 EIAV seropositive horses have been collected in Romania and France. Three types of lesions have been scored on paraffin-embedded lungs: lymphocyte infiltration, bronchiolar inflammation, and thickness of the alveolar septa. Expression of the p26 EIAV capsid (CA) protein has been evaluated by immunostaining. Compared to EIAV-negative horses, 52% of the EIAV-positive horses displayed a mild inflammation around the bronchioles, 22% had a moderate inflammation with inflammatory cells inside the wall and epithelial bronchiolar hyperplasia and 6.5% had a moderate to severe inflammation, with destruction of the bronchiolar epithelium and accumulation of smooth muscle cells within the pulmonary parenchyma. Changes in the thickness of the alveolar septa were also present. Expression of EIAV capsid has been evidenced in macrophages, endothelial as well as in alveolar and bronchiolar epithelial cells, as determined by their morphology and localization. To summarize, we found lesions of interstitial lung disease similar to that observed during other lentiviral infections such as FIV in cats, SRLV in sheep and goats or HIV in children. The presence of EIAV capsid in lung epithelial cells suggests that EIAV might be responsible for the broncho-interstitial damages observed.
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Publication Date: 2013-12-01 PubMed ID: 24289102PubMed Central: PMC3879148DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-113Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study explores the possibility of lung damage caused by the Equine Infective Anemia Virus (EIAV) in horses. Results showed commonality in certain lung lesions in infected horses, suggesting EIAV may potentially cause interstitial lung disease.

Study Methodology

  • The research investigated the capacity of EIAV to cause lung damage in horses naturally infected with the disease.
  • They collected lung samples from 77 EIAV seropositive horses found in Romania and France.
  • The team studied the horse lung tissues using paraffin embedding, a method in histology that prepares tissues for examination under a microscope.
  • Three examination criteria were designated for the lung tissues: infiltration of lymphocytes, inflammation around the bronchioles, and thickness of the parts of the lung called alveolar septa.
  • Using immunostaining—an immune response visualization technique—the researchers assessed the expression of the EIAV capsid protein, p26, in the lung tissues.

Study Findings

  • The team found that 52% of EIAV-positive horses showed mild inflammation around the bronchioles.
  • 22% displayed a moderate degree of inflammation, displaying inflammatory cells within the bronchiolar wall and epithelial bronchiolar hyperplasia—an increase in the number of cells leading to the thickening of the bronchiolar lining.
  • About 6.5% of the horses exhibited moderate to severe inflammation, including destruction of the bronchiolar epithelium and the accumulation of smooth muscle cells within the horse’s lung tissue (pulmonary parenchyma).
  • The researchers also noted changes relating to thickness in the alveolar septa.
  • Further study showed the expression of the EIAV capsid in several cells: macrophages, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells present in alveoli and bronchioles.

Summary and Conclusion

  • The study found interstitial lung disease-like lesions in the lungs of infected horses. They noted these outcomes were similar to those seen in other infections caused by lentiviruses, a family of retroviruses that includes EIAV, FIV (in cats), SRLV (in sheep and goats) and HIV (in humans).
  • Evidence of the EIAV capsid in lung epithelial cells suggests EIAV might be causing the observed broncho-interstitial damages.

Cite This Article

APA
Bolfa P, Nolf M, Cadoré JL, Catoi C, Archer F, Dolmazon C, Mornex JF, Leroux C. (2013). Interstitial lung disease associated with Equine Infectious Anemia Virus infection in horses. Vet Res, 44(1), 113. https://doi.org/10.1186/1297-9716-44-113

Publication

Veterinary research
ISSN: 1297-9716
NlmUniqueID: 9309551
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 44
Issue: 1
Pages: 113

Researcher Affiliations

Bolfa, Pompei
    Nolf, Marie
      Cadoré, Jean-Luc
        Catoi, Cornel
          Archer, Fabienne
            Dolmazon, Christine
              Mornex, Jean-François
                Leroux, Caroline
                • UMR754, Retrovirus and Comparative Pathology, INRA, Lyon, France. caroline.leroux@univ-lyon1.fr.

                MeSH Terms

                • Animals
                • Blotting, Western / veterinary
                • Epithelial Cells / pathology
                • Epithelial Cells / virology
                • Equine Infectious Anemia / genetics
                • Equine Infectious Anemia / pathology
                • Equine Infectious Anemia / virology
                • Female
                • France
                • Horse Diseases / genetics
                • Horse Diseases / pathology
                • Horse Diseases / virology
                • Horses
                • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / physiology
                • Lung / pathology
                • Lung / virology
                • Lung Diseases, Interstitial / genetics
                • Lung Diseases, Interstitial / pathology
                • Lung Diseases, Interstitial / veterinary
                • Lung Diseases, Interstitial / virology
                • Male
                • Microscopy, Fluorescence / veterinary
                • Romania
                • Viral Core Proteins / genetics
                • Viral Core Proteins / metabolism

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                Citations

                This article has been cited 3 times.
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