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Veterinary sciences2022; 9(9); 481; doi: 10.3390/vetsci9090481

Intra- and Interexaminer Measurement Variability Analysis of an Orthodontic Gauge Device to Determine Incisor Occlusal Surface Angles in the Horse.

Abstract: Incisor malocclusions are common in horses. As yet, an evidence-based understanding of incisor occlusal surface angle dynamics and normocclusal range is missing. Orthodontic measuring devices could help unravel this information objectively but imply measurement validation. We evaluated intra- and interexaminer variability of repeated sagittal and transversal incisor occlusal surface angle measures using a commercial orthodontic gauge device (). Five examiners (two experienced, three inexperienced) measured six cadaver heads on 2 consecutive days in a blinded block-randomization design, resulting in 16 measures per examiner*head. Sagittal and transversal angle measures revealed low intraexaminer variability at scale-level independent mean SDs of α 0.58° and α 0.69°, respectively. Sagittal angle measures associate with low interexaminer variability, showing small mean angle differences (max. α 0.51° ± 0.35°), small scatter, and more consistent data reproducibility. Despite comparable mean interexaminer differences, the spread of transversal angle measures was relevantly higher using the proposed landmarks (average 2.2-fold higher interquartile range). The measurement performance of experienced and inexperienced examiners did not systematically differ. The time required for individual measurements was already comparable after 24/96 repetitions. This instrument may help deciphering sagittal angle normocclusal range and orthognathic dynamics and, with a proposed procedural amendment, transversal angle as well.
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Publication Date: 2022-09-07 PubMed ID: 36136698PubMed Central: PMC9506125DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090481Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article primarily focuses on evaluating the degree of variability in the incisor occlusal surface angle measurements, taken by different examiners, using a commercial orthodontic gauge device on horse teeth.

Objective of the Study

  • The main goal of the study was to objectively assess the reliance and consistency of incisor occlusal surface angle measurements, both sagittal and transversal, of a horse’s mouth using a commercial orthodontic gauge device. This was carried out by scrutinizing the variability of results given by different examiners applying the same technique.

Methodology

  • Five examiners, consisting of two experienced and three inexperienced individuals, participated in this study. They performed measurements on six cadaver heads over two consecutive days using a blinded block-randomization design. This resulted in each examiner performing 16 measurements per horse head.
  • The measurements were evaluated for intraexaminer variability, which looks at the consistency of results from the same examiner, and interexaminer variability, which compares the consistency across results from different examiners.

Findings

  • Both sagittal and transversal angle measurements showed low intraexaminer variability, indicating that individual examiners were consistent in their measurements.
  • Sagittal angle measurements also showed low interexaminer variability, suggesting that different examiners had closely similar results. However, while the mean interexaminer differences for transversal angles were comparable, a higher disparity in results was noted.
  • The experience level of the examiners didn’t significantly impact the measurements. Furthermore, the time required to complete individual measurements was found to be comparable after 24 to 96 repetitions, highlighting a rapid learning curve associated with the instrument use.

Conclusion

  • This study concludes that the commercial orthodontic gauge device demonstrated a high degree of reliability for measuring incisor occlusal surface angles in horses, specifically in the sagittal plane.
  • Even though findings indicate higher variability in transversal measurements, the research signifies that with procedural amendment, the device can also assist in deciphering transversal angle normocclusal range and orthognathic dynamics. Thus, the tool could play a pivotal role in gaining a quantifiable understanding of horse dental dynamics and occlusion standards.

Cite This Article

APA
Kau S, Motter KS, Moser VJ, Kunz JR, Pellachin M, Hartl B. (2022). Intra- and Interexaminer Measurement Variability Analysis of an Orthodontic Gauge Device to Determine Incisor Occlusal Surface Angles in the Horse. Vet Sci, 9(9), 481. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9090481

Publication

Veterinary sciences
ISSN: 2306-7381
NlmUniqueID: 101680127
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 9
Issue: 9
PII: 481

Researcher Affiliations

Kau, Silvio
  • Institute of Morphology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Motter, Katharina S
  • Institute of Morphology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Moser, Viktoria J
  • Institute of Morphology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Kunz, João R
  • Department of Equine Dentistry, Maxillofacial Diagnostic Imaging and Surgery, Veterinary Clinic Gessertshausen Altano GmbH, Grasweg 2, 86459 Gessertshausen, Germany.
Pellachin, Matteo
  • Private Equine Veterinary Dentist and Specialist on Equine Orthodontics, Via Marino Grimani 7, 35127 Padova, Italy.
Hartl, Bettina
  • Institute of Morphology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.

Conflict of Interest Statement

M.P. invented the investigated gauge device, holds a patent on the device, and commercially distributes the device. M.P. had no role in the design of the study, data analysis, or in the decision to publish the results. M.P. was involved as one of the examiners in this study and had a role in data interpretation and revision of the manuscript. The other authors declare no conflict of interest.

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