Intra-articular 2.5% polyacrylamide hydrogel, a new concept in the medication of equine osteoarthritis: A review.

This research article reviews the clinical and experimental application of intra-articular 2.5% Polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG) in managing and treating equine osteoarthritis (OA). The research has found it to be promising, effective, and safe, with long-lasting effects and no obvious negative impacts.

Overview of the Research

• The article presents a comprehensive review of the recent clinical and experimental trials investigating the use of intra-articular 2.5% PAAG as a treatment for equine OA.
• It was found that this treatment is extremely effective, with 82.5% of horses being free of lameness two years after receiving treatment.
• The review recognizes that PAAG is a potent and promising drug in the ongoing medication of equine OA, given its prolonged efficacy. This is particularly notable, as no other single OA treatment has exhibited such an extended period of effectiveness.

Limitations of the Studies

• Despite the positive findings, the article notes that some of the studies reviewed were limited in their scope, which may have influenced their outcomes.

Mechanism of Action

• The mechanism of action of intra-articular 2.5% PAAG is primarily through its integration into the synovial membrane, which is the soft tissue that lines the spaces of diarthrodial joints, tendon sheaths, and bursae. This integration results in increased joint elasticity, possibly decreasing overall joint capsule stiffness.
• Additionally, PAAG provides lasting viscosupplementation, which serves to protect the articular surfaces of the joints. This is a new concept in managing equine OA.

Side Effects

• The review also reports that use of intra-articular 2.5% PAAG has not shown effects on pro-inflammatory cytokines, substances secreted by certain cells of the immune system which have an effect on other cells.
• Furthermore, positive treatment outcomes were achieved without causing intra-articular neurotoxicity or fibrosis, an important consideration in sustaining the health of the horses.