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Journal of veterinary internal medicine2019; 33(2); 923-932; doi: 10.1111/jvim.15410

Intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate and its effect on horses with trigeminal-mediated headshaking.

Abstract: Trigeminal-mediated headshaking results from low-threshold firing of the trigeminal nerve resulting in apparent facial pain. Magnesium may have neuroprotective effects on nerve firing that potentially dampen signs of neuropathic pain. This hypothesis has not been investigated in horses with trigeminal-mediated headshaking. Objective: To investigate head-shaking behavior in affected horses after IV magnesium sulfate infusion. Methods: Six geldings with trigeminal-mediated headshaking. Methods: Prospective randomized crossover study. Horses were controlled for diet and infused IV with 5% dextrose solution (DS; control solution at 2 mL/kg body weight [BW]) and MgSO4 50% solution (MSS at 40 mg/kg BW). Head-shaking behavior was recorded at times T0 (baseline, before infusion) and T15, T30, T60, and T120 minutes post-infusion. Venous blood variables such as pH, HCO3 - , standard base excess (SBE), Na+ , Cl- , K+ , Ca2+ , Mg2+ , total magnesium (tMg), glucose, and lactate were measured; strong ion difference (SID) and anion gap (AG) were calculated for each time point. Results: Blood variables including pH, Na+ , Cl- , K+ , SID, AG, lactate, Ca2+ , tMg, and Mg2+ had significant changes with MSS as compared to DS treatment. Glucose, SBE, and HCO3 - did not have significant changes. A 29% reduction in head-shaking rate occurred after MSS treatment but no change occurred after DS treatment. Conclusions: Administration of MSS IV increased plasma total and ionized magnesium concentrations and significantly decreased head-shaking behavior in horses with trigeminal-mediated headshaking.
© 2019 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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Publication Date: 2019-01-22 PubMed ID: 30666732PubMed Central: PMC6430935DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15410Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates the effects of intravenous magnesium sulfate infusion on horses suffering from trigeminal-mediated headshaking. The researchers found that the treatment significantly increased the concentration of magnesium in the blood and notably reduced the occurrence of headshaking in affected horses.

Research Background and Objectives

This research was focused on exploring the behavior of horses affected by trigeminal-mediated headshaking after they receive intravenous infusions of magnesium sulfate. The condition in question, trigeminal-mediated headshaking, is a disorder where low-threshold firing of the trigeminal nerve causes a horse to exhibit signs of facial pain. A key theory this research tests is that magnesium might have a neuroprotective effect that can reduce the symptoms of neuropathic pain.

Methods and Experiment

  • The researchers designed a prospective randomized crossover study using six geldings that suffered from trigeminal-mediated headshaking.
  • All horses’ diets were regulated and they received intravenous infusions either of a 5% dextrose solution (control case) or a magnesium sulfate solution.
  • The occurrence of head-shaking behavior in the horses was recorded at various intervals before and after the administration of the infusions.
  • Additionally, a detailed examination of venous blood variables such as pH, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and glucose concentrations, among others, was conducted at each time point.

Findings and Conclusions

  • Several blood variables, including pH, sodium, chloride, potassium, and magnesium concentrations, showed significant changes after the magnesium sulfate infusion, when compared to the dextrose solution infusion.
  • No significant changes were detected in glucose, standard base excess, and bicarbonate concentrations.
  • The rate of headshaking was reduced by 29% after the magnesium sulfate treatment, while no change in this behavior was observed after the dextrose solution treatment.
  • The study concluded that intravenous administration of magnesium sulfate resulted in higher plasma total and ionized magnesium concentrations and led to a significant decrease in head-shaking behavior in horses afflicted with trigeminal-mediated headshaking.

Cite This Article

APA
Sheldon SA, Aleman M, Costa LRR, Santoyo AC, Howey Q, Madigan JE. (2019). Intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate and its effect on horses with trigeminal-mediated headshaking. J Vet Intern Med, 33(2), 923-932. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15410

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 33
Issue: 2
Pages: 923-932

Researcher Affiliations

Sheldon, Shara A
  • Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California.
Aleman, Monica
  • Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California.
Costa, Lais Rosa R
  • Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California.
Santoyo, Ana C
  • Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California.
Howey, Quinn
  • Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California.
Madigan, John E
  • Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Behavior, Animal / drug effects
  • Cross-Over Studies
  • Head / physiopathology
  • Horse Diseases / drug therapy
  • Horses
  • Infusions, Intravenous / veterinary
  • Magnesium / blood
  • Magnesium Sulfate / administration & dosage
  • Magnesium Sulfate / therapeutic use
  • Male
  • Prospective Studies
  • Trigeminal Nerve / pathology

Grant Funding

  • Gift from anonymous private donors towards the Equine and Comparative Neurology Research Group

Conflict of Interest Statement

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

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