Investigation of an outbreak of tapeworm-associated colic in a training yard.

This research examines an outbreak of tapeworm-associated colic in a training yard for horses, using a unique serological assay to detect a specific tapeworm protein. The study finds a link between tapeworm infection intensity and the risk of colic, providing evidence that traditional deworming treatments may exacerbate tapeworm infections, leading to higher instances of colic.

Research Background

• The study was conducted in a yard for Thoroughbreds and Arab horses that had recorded an increasing incidence of colic over a five year period.
• The peak incidence rate was 1.15 episodes per horse-year at risk.
• Four of the horses suffered from ileal impaction colic, a condition that necessitated surgical intervention.
• In order to investigate the outbreak, researchers used a novel serological assay that measures a specific type of immune response (IgG(T)) to a 12/13 kDa protein found in the equine tapeworm, Anoplocephala perfoliata.

Key Findings

• The researchers used a case-control study design, which suggested a significant association between tapeworm infection and colic. The greater the intensity of the tapeworm infection, the higher the risk of colic.
• Intervention in the form of anthelminthic drugs, specifically anticestode medications, corresponded with reductions in both the colic incidence and the anti-12/13 kDa IgG(T) antibody levels in eight horses monitored after treatment.
• However, the study also raises concerns about exclusive use of ivermectin as a deworming treatment. While it can effectively manage other parasitic infections, it appears to inadvertently increase the intensity of tapeworm infections.
• The enhanced tapeworm infections could in turn elevate the risk of colic, notably ileal impaction colic and spasmodic colic.

Implications of the Study

• The study demonstrates the utility of the anti-12/13 kDa IgG(T) ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) as a tool to monitor and manage tapeworm infections, hence helping to control colic outbreaks in equine yards.
• The findings also imply a need for re-evaluation of anthelminthic treatment protocols, particularly the sole use of ivermectin, as it may contribute to an increase in tapeworm infection intensity and subsequent risk of colic.