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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Vet Intern Med / Investigation of high gamma-glutamyltransferase syndrome in ...
Journal of veterinary internal medicine2022; 36(6); 2203-2212; doi: 10.1111/jvim.16582

Investigation of high gamma-glutamyltransferase syndrome in California Thoroughbred racehorses.

Abstract: Increases in serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity have been reported in Thoroughbred (TB) racehorses and associated with maladaptation to training but the underlying etiology remains unknown. Objective: Classify the etiology of high GGT syndrome in racing TBs by assessment of pancreatic enzymes, vitamin E concentrations, and both a candidate gene and whole genome association study. We hypothesized that a genetic variant resulting in antioxidant insufficiency or pancreatic dysfunction would be responsible for high GGT syndrome in TBs. Methods: A total of 138 California racing TBs. Amylase: n = 31 affected (serum GGT activity ≥60 IU/L), n = 52 control (serum GGT activity <40 IU/L). Lipase: n = 19 affected, n = 35 control. Serum α-tocopherol concentrations: n = 32 affected, n = 46 control. Genome-wide association study (GWAS): 36 affected, 58 control. Whole genome sequencing: n = 5 affected, n = 5 control. Methods: Biochemical and vitamin analytes were compared among cohorts. A GWAS was performed and a subset of TBs underwent whole genome sequencing to interrogate candidate genes and positional genetic regions. Results: Serum lipase and amylase activity and α-tocopherol concentrations did not differ between groups. No genetic variants were identified in 2 candidate genes (UGT1A1 and GGT1) that associated with the phenotype. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) approached a suggestive association with the phenotype (P = 2.15 × 10 ), defining a 100 kb region on chromosome 5 surrounding cluster of differentiation 1a (CD1A1), a transmembrane gene related to the major histocompatibility complex. Conclusions: An underlying genetic etiology may exist for high GGT syndrome in racing TBs, similar to genetic disorders in humans.
© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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Publication Date: 2022-11-15 PubMed ID: 36377652PubMed Central: PMC9708438DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16582Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study aimed to identify the cause of high levels of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), a condition often seen in Thoroughbred (TB) racehorses, through examining pancreatic enzymes and vitamin E concentrations, alongside genomic data. The findings suggest that there may be a potential genetic factor contributing to this condition in horses, similar to some human disorders.

Objective

  • The research aimed to classify the origin of high GGT syndrome, a condition often seen in Thoroughbred racehorses that has typically been associated with the animal’s poor coping with training. The cause of the condition had not previously been fully understood.

Methods

  • The researchers compared levels of the pancreatic enzymes amylase and lipase, as well as vitamin E concentrations, between affected horses (those with high levels of GGT) and a control group (those with normal GGT levels).
  • In addition, the team conducted a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) and then carried out whole genome sequencing on a subset to investigate particular genes and genetic regions. This was done based on a hypothesis that a genetic variant causing lower antioxidant levels or pancreatic dysfunction might be responsible for high GGT syndrome.

Results

  • The results showed no differences in pancreatic enzyme activity or vitamin E levels between the two groups. There were also no genetic variants identified in two candidate genes of interest (UGT1A1 and GGT1), which were believed to possibly be linked to the condition.
  • However, the GWAS identified four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), genetic variations, that suggested a link to high GGT syndrome. These SNPs, small changes in DNA sequence, were located in a small region on chromosome 5 near the cluster of differentiation 1a (CD1A1) gene.

Conclusions

  • The research team concluded that there may be a genetic cause to high GGT syndrome in Thoroughbred racehorses. This possibility is suggested by the identification of SNPs near the CD1A1 gene.”

Cite This Article

APA
Peng S, Magdesian KG, Dowd J, Blea J, Carpenter R, Ho W, Finno CJ. (2022). Investigation of high gamma-glutamyltransferase syndrome in California Thoroughbred racehorses. J Vet Intern Med, 36(6), 2203-2212. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16582

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 36
Issue: 6
Pages: 2203-2212

Researcher Affiliations

Peng, Sichong
  • Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Magdesian, K Gary
  • Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Dowd, Joseph
  • Equine Medical and Surgical Group, Arcadia, California, USA.
Blea, Jeffrey
  • Von Bleucher, Blea, Hunkin, DVM, Inc, Sierra Madre, California, USA.
Carpenter, Ryan
  • DVM, Sierra Madre, California, USA.
Ho, Wayne
  • Southern California Equine Foundation, Arcadia, California, USA.
Finno, Carrie J
  • Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, California, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • alpha-Tocopherol
  • Amylases
  • gamma-Glutamyltransferase / genetics
  • Genome-Wide Association Study / veterinary
  • Horses / genetics
  • Lipase
  • Horse Diseases / genetics

Grant Funding

  • L40 TR001136 / NCATS NIH HHS
  • L40 TR001136 / National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
  • NA / UC Davis Center for Equine Health
  • NA / Southern California Equine Foundation

Conflict of Interest Statement

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

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