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Stem cell research & therapy2019; 10(1); 309; doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1429-0

Investigation of stemness and multipotency of equine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) from different fat sources in comparison with lipoma.

Abstract: Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) offer a promising cell source for therapeutic applications in musculoskeletal disorders. The appropriate selection of ASCs from various fat depots for cell-based therapy is challenging. The present study aims to compare stemness and multipotency of ASCs derived from retroperitoneal (RP), subcutaneous (SC), and lipoma (LP) fat to assess their usefulness for clinical application. Equine ASCs from the three fat tissue sources were isolated and characterized. The cell viability, proliferation, and self-renewal were evaluated using MTT, sulforhodamine B, and colony forming unit (CFU) assays. Stem cell relative marker CD44, CD90, and CD105 and tumor marker CA9 and osteopontin (OPN) expression were quantified using RT-qPCR. Multipotency of ASCs for adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation was examined by quantifying Oil Red O and Alizarin Red S staining, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and expression of differentiation relative markers. All data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA. RP fat-derived ASCs showed a higher cell proliferation rate compared to SC and LP derived cells. In contrast, ASCs from lipoma displayed a lower proliferation rate and impaired CFU capacities. The expression of CD44, CD90, and CD105 was upregulated in RP and SC derived cells but not in LP cells. RP fat-derived cells displayed a higher adipogenic potential compared to SC and LP cells. Although ASCs from all fat sources showed enhanced ALP activity following osteogenic differentiation, SC fat-derived cells revealed upregulated ALP and bone morphogenetic protein-2 expression together with a higher calcium deposition. We found an enhanced chondrogenic potency of RP and SC fat-derived cells as shown by Alcian blue staining and upregulation of aggrecan (Aggre), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein precursor (COMP), and collagen 2a1 (Col2a1) expression compared to LP. The expression of OPN and CA9 was exclusively upregulated in the ASCs of LP. The results provide evidence of variation in ASC performance not only between normal fat depots but also compared to LP cells which suggest a different molecular regulation controlling the cell fate. These data provided are useful when considering a source for cell replacement therapy in equine veterinary medicine.
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Publication Date: 2019-10-22 PubMed ID: 31640774PubMed Central: PMC6805636DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1429-0Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research explores the potential and characteristics of different sources of equine mesenchymal stem cells, specifically those derived from adipose tissue, in order to identify the most suitable type for treating musculoskeletal disorders in horses. It compares the functionality of stem cells from three types of adipose tissue sources, each relating to their origin in different fat deposits.

Research Objectives and Methods

The authors aim to compare the efficiency of stem cells derived from three different fat sources—retroperitoneal (RP), subcutaneous (SC), and lipoma (LP)—in order to determine their applicability in cell-based therapies.

  • The stem cells were isolated from the three different fat tissue sources and their characteristics were evaluated.
  • Various assays, such as MTT, sulforhodamine B, and colony-forming unit (CFU) assays were used to assess the cell viability, proliferation rate, and self-renewal capability of the cells.
  • CD44, CD90, and CD105, are considered stem cell markers, and CA9 and osteopontin (OPN) are considered indicators of tumor cells. The expression of these markers in the stem cells was quantified using RT-qPCR.
  • The multipotency of these stem cells was assessed by analyzing their capability to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic cells. This was done by staining with Oil Red O and Alizarin Red S, examining the alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and analyzing the expression of differentiation markers.
  • Data were processed and statistically analyzed using ANOVA.

Key Findings

The adipose tissue-derived stem cells exhibited different efficiencies based on their source.

  • Stem cells from RP fat demonstrated a higher rate of cellular proliferation when compared to SC and LP derived cells. However, stem cells from lipomas had the lowest proliferation rate and impaired CFU capacities.
  • The expression of specific stem cell markers, namely CD44, CD90, and CD105, was significantly higher in stem cells from RP and SC cells than in those from LP.
  • RP cells exhibited a higher potential for adipogenic differentiation compared to SC and LP cells. On the other hand, SC cells showed enhanced ALP activity, indicating a higher propensity to differentiate into bone cells.
  • An escalated potential for chondrogenic differentiation (development into cartilage cells) was seen in RP and SC cells, as demonstrated by staining and increased expression of specific matrix proteins.
  • The higher expression of CA9 and OPN, which are often linked to cancer, was exclusively seen in LP-derived stem cells.

Implications of the Study

Notably, the research suggests that the origin of the adipose tissue in horses contributes to the functionality and efficiency of the derived stem cells. The varied properties and cellular behavior of stem cells from the LP, SC, and RP fat sources could be indicative of diverse molecular regulations that control stem cell behavior. These findings could be of significant importance when selecting the most suitable adipose tissue source for stem cell therapy in equine veterinary medicine. The high proliferation rate and differentiation potential of RP and SC-derived stem cells suggest these might be better sources, opposed to those from lipomas which showed lower proliferation and higher expression of tumor markers.

Cite This Article

APA
Arnhold S, Elashry MI, Klymiuk MC, Geburek F. (2019). Investigation of stemness and multipotency of equine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) from different fat sources in comparison with lipoma. Stem Cell Res Ther, 10(1), 309. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-019-1429-0

Publication

Stem cell research & therapy
ISSN: 1757-6512
NlmUniqueID: 101527581
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Pages: 309

Researcher Affiliations

Arnhold, Stefan
  • Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 98, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
Elashry, Mohamed I
  • Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 98, 35392, Giessen, Germany. Mohammed.Elashry@vetmed.uni-giessen.de.
  • Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt. Mohammed.Elashry@vetmed.uni-giessen.de.
Klymiuk, Michele C
  • Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 98, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
Geburek, Florian
  • Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.

MeSH Terms

  • Adipogenesis
  • Adipose Tissue / cytology
  • Animals
  • Cell Proliferation
  • Cell Shape
  • Cell Survival
  • Chondrogenesis
  • Horses
  • Lipoma / pathology
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / cytology
  • Multipotent Stem Cells / cytology
  • Osteogenesis

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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