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Frontiers in veterinary science2022; 9; 894146; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.894146

Is Continuous Monitoring of Skin Surface Temperature a Reliable Proxy to Assess the Thermoregulatory Response in Endurance Horses During Field Exercise?

Abstract: Hyperthermia is a performance and welfare issue for exercising horses. The thermoregulatory stressors associated with exercise have typically been estimated by responses in the laboratory. However, monitoring surface skin temperature (T ) coincident with core temperature (T ) has not previously been investigated in horses exercising in the field. We investigated the suitability of monitoring surface T as a metric of the thermoregulatory response, and simultaneously investigated its relationship with T using gastrointestinal (GI) temperature. We evaluated T in 13 endurance horses competing during four endurance rides over 40 km ( = 1) or a total of 80 km ( = 12) distance. Following each 40-km loop, the horses were rested for 60 min. T and T were continuously recorded every 15 s by an infrared thermistor sensor located in a modified belt and by telemetric GI pill, respectively, and expressed as mean ± SD. The net area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to estimate the thermoregulatory response to the thermal load of T over time (°C × minutes) using the trapezoidal method. The relationship between T and T was assessed using scatterplots, paired -test or generalized linear model ANOVA (delta T ) ( = 8). Ambient temperature ranged from 6.7°C to 18.4°C. No relationship was found between T and T profiles during exercise and recovery periods, and no significant difference between delta T results was detected when comparing exercise and rest. However, time to maximum T (67 min) was significantly reduced compared to T (139 min) ( = 0.0004) with a significantly lesser maximum T (30.3°C) than T (39°C) ( = 0.0002) during exercise. Net AUC T was 1,164 ± 1,448 and -305 ± 388°C × minutes during periods of exercise and recovery, respectively. We conclude that T monitoring does not provide a reliable proxy for the thermoregulatory response and horse welfare, most probably because many factors can modulate T without directly affecting T . Those factors, such as weather conditions, applicable to all field studies can influence the results of T in endurance horses. The study also reveals important inter-individual differences in T and T time profiles, emphasizing the importance of an individualized model of temperature monitoring.
Copyright © 2022 Verdegaal, Howarth, McWhorter and Delesalle.
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Publication Date: 2022-05-27 PubMed ID: 35711810PubMed Central: PMC9196037DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.894146Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research study investigates whether continuous skin temperature monitoring is a dependable method to assess the thermoregulatory response and welfare of endurance horses during field exercise. The findings of the study suggest that skin surface temperature, despite continuous monitoring, may not be an accurate measure of a horse’s thermoregulatory response due to the influence of various factors like weather conditions that can affect skin temperature without necessarily impacting the core temperature.

Study Background and Method

  • The research originates due to hyperthermia issues commonly faced by horses during strenuous activity, which is a significant concern for their performance and overall welfare.
  • The authors noted that estimations of thermoregulatory responses had primarily been reliant on laboratory trials, with little research conducted using real-world or field exercising scenarios in horses.
  • In this study, the relationship between surface skin temperature and core temperature in exercising horses was evaluated using gastrointestinal (GI) temperature as a comparative metric.
  • The study included 13 endurance horses engaged in four different rides covering either a 40 km or a total 80 km distance.
  • Both surface skin and core body temperatures were constantly monitored at 15-second intervals using an infrared thermistor sensor and a telemetry GI pill, respectively.

Research Findings

  • The study found no significant association between surface skin temperature and core body temperature profiles during the exercise and subsequent recovery periods.
  • The time taken to reach the maximum surface skin temperature was significantly less than that taken to reach the maximum core temperature. Likewise, the maximum surface skin temperature was significantly lower compared to the maximum core body temperature during exercise.
  • The net area under the curve was calculated for surface skin temperature over time to estimate the thermoregulatory response to the thermal load. The results indicated an increase during exercise periods and a decrease during recovery phases.
  • Ambient temperature varied from 6.7° to 18.4° Celsius.

Conclusion

  • The researchers concluded that monitoring surface skin temperature was not a reliable measure of the thermoregulatory response in exercising horses in field scenarios.
  • Various factors, like weather conditions affecting skin temperature, could lead to inaccurate results as these factors might not directly impact the core body temperature.
  • This study also indicated significant inter-individual differences in surface skin and core body temperature profiles during exercise, suggesting the potential need for personalized temperature monitoring models in future studies.

Cite This Article

APA
Verdegaal EJMM, Howarth GS, McWhorter TJ, Delesalle CJG. (2022). Is Continuous Monitoring of Skin Surface Temperature a Reliable Proxy to Assess the Thermoregulatory Response in Endurance Horses During Field Exercise? Front Vet Sci, 9, 894146. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.894146

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 9
Pages: 894146
PII: 894146

Researcher Affiliations

Verdegaal, Elisabeth-Lidwien J M M
  • Equine Health and Performance Centre, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
  • Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Howarth, Gordon S
  • Equine Health and Performance Centre, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
  • Gastroenterology Department, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
McWhorter, Todd J
  • Equine Health and Performance Centre, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Delesalle, Catherine J G
  • Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
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