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Journal of veterinary science2012; 13(2); 111-118; doi: 10.4142/jvs.2012.13.2.111

Isolation and genetic characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus from equines in India.

Abstract: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an important vector-borne viral disease of humans and horses in Asia. JE outbreaks occur regularly amongst humans in certain parts of India and sporadic cases occur among horses. In this study, JE seroprevalence and evidence of JE virus (JEV) infection among horses in Haryana (India) is described. Antibodies against JEV were detected in 67 out of 637 (10.5%) horses screened between 2006 and 2010. Two foals exhibiting neurological signs were positive for JEV RNA by RT-PCR; JEV was isolated from the serum of one of the foals collected on the second day of illness. This is the first report of JEV isolation from a horse in India. Furthermore, a pool of mosquitoes collected from the premises housing these foals was positive for JEV RNA by RT-PCR. Three structural genes, capsid (C), premembrane (prM), and envelope (E) of the isolated virus (JE/eq/India/H225/2009) spanning 2,500 nucleotides (from 134 to 2,633) were cloned and sequenced. BLAST results showed that these genes had a greater than 97% nucleotide sequence identity with different human JEV isolates from India. Phylogenetic analysis based on E-and C/prM genes indicated that the equine JEV isolate belonged to genotype III and was closely related to the Vellore group of JEV isolates from India.
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Publication Date: 2012-06-19 PubMed ID: 22705732PubMed Central: PMC3386335DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2012.13.2.111Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses the investigation and detection of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in horses in Haryana, India, between 2006 and 2010. With a key highlight being the first-ever isolation of JEV from a horse in India, the article further relates the virus genetically to other prominent human JEV forms in the country, indicating the potential for interspecies transmission.

Context and Objective

  • This study aims to document the prevalence and understand the genetic composition of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in horses from Haryana, India. The research provides a necessary perspective on the reach and possible interspecies transmission of JEV, which primarily affects humans and is commonly found across Asia.

Methods and Findings

  • JEV antibodies were found in 67 out of 637 horses (approximately 10.5%) screened between 2006 and 2010, suggesting the presence of the virus within the equine population.
  • In cases of two foals demonstrating neurological symptoms, RNA tests indicated the presence of JEV. Further, the virus was successfully isolated from serum drawn from one of these foals – a first for Indian virology.
  • Apart from equine subjects, the researchers also detected JEV RNA within a pool of mosquitoes taken from the same vicinity – reinforcing the fact that JEV is vector-borne and indicating the possible source of infection.

Genetic Characterization

  • The isolated virus, termed JE/eq/India/H225/2009, had three structural genes – capsid (C), premembrane (prM), and envelope (E) – cloned and sequenced for comparison with other known forms of the virus.
  • The sequence comparison revealed more than 97% similarity with various human JEV isolates found in India, suggesting a close genetic relationship between equine and human forms of the virus.
  • This high degree of genetic similarity could imply a potential for cross-infection between species.
  • Through a phylogenetic analysis based on E-and C/prM genes, the researchers determined that the equine JEV isolate belonged to genotype III and was closely linked with the Vellore group of JEV isolates from India, further highlighting the close relationship between the human and equine forms of JEV.

Cite This Article

APA
Gulati BR, Singha H, Singh BK, Virmani N, Kumar S, Singh RK. (2012). Isolation and genetic characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus from equines in India. J Vet Sci, 13(2), 111-118. https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2012.13.2.111

Publication

Journal of veterinary science
ISSN: 1976-555X
NlmUniqueID: 100964185
Country: Korea (South)
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 2
Pages: 111-118

Researcher Affiliations

Gulati, Baldev R
  • National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar-125001, Haryana, India. brgulati@gmail.com
Singha, Harisankar
    Singh, Birendra K
      Virmani, Nitin
        Kumar, Sanjay
          Singh, Raj K

            MeSH Terms

            • Animals
            • Antibodies, Monoclonal
            • Cloning, Molecular
            • Culex / virology
            • Encephalitis Virus, Japanese / genetics
            • Encephalitis Virus, Japanese / isolation & purification
            • Encephalitis, Japanese / epidemiology
            • Encephalitis, Japanese / veterinary
            • Encephalitis, Japanese / virology
            • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / methods
            • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / veterinary
            • Female
            • Genes, Viral
            • Genotype
            • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
            • Horse Diseases / virology
            • Horses
            • India / epidemiology
            • RNA, Viral / genetics
            • RNA, Viral / isolation & purification
            • Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
            • Seroepidemiologic Studies

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            This article has been cited 11 times.
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