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Home / Equine Research Bank / Viruses / Isolation of an Equine Foamy Virus and Sero-Epidemiology of ...
Viruses2019; 11(7); 613; doi: 10.3390/v11070613

Isolation of an Equine Foamy Virus and Sero-Epidemiology of the Viral Infection in Horses in Japan.

Abstract: An equine foamy virus (EFV) was isolated for the first time in Japan from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a broodmare that showed wobbler syndrome after surgery for intestinal volvulus and the isolate was designated as EFVeca_LM. Complete nucleotide sequences of EFVeca_LM were determined. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the long terminal repeat (LTR) region, and genes revealed that EFVeca_LM and the EFV reference strain had 97.2% to 99.1% identities. For a sero-epidemiological survey, indirect immunofluorescent antibody tests were carried out using EFVeca_LM-infected cells as an antigen against 166 sera of horses in five farms collected in 2001 to 2002 and 293 sera of horses in eight farms collected in 2014 to 2016 in Hokkaido, Japan. All of the farms had EFV antibody-positive horses, and average positive rates were 24.6% in sera obtained in 2001 to 2002 and 25.6% in sera obtained in 2014 to 2016 from broodmare farms. The positive rate in a stallion farm (Farm A) in 2002 was 10.7%, and the positive rates in two stallion farms, Farms A and B, in 2015 were 40.9% and 13.3%, respectively. The results suggested that EFV infection is maintained widely in horses in Japan.
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Publication Date: 2019-07-05 PubMed ID: 31284407PubMed Central: PMC6669534DOI: 10.3390/v11070613Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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This research article discusses the first instance of equine foamy virus (EFV) being isolated in Japan, and presents findings of an epidemiological survey indicating that EFV infections are widespread among horses in the country.

Isolation and Identification of the Equine Foamy Virus (EFV)

  • An instance of the Equine foamy virus (EFV) was identified in Japan for the first time. It was isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a broodmare (a mare used for breeding) that had exhibited symptoms of the wobbler syndrome after undergoing surgery for intestinal volvulus. The isolated strain was named EFVeca_LM.
  • The complete nucleotide sequences of EFVeca_LM were studied. Analysing these sequences, especially of the Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) region, and the and genes, revealed a high percentage of similarity (97.2% to 99.1%) between EFVeca_LM and the reference strain of EFV.

Sero-Epidemiological Survey of EFV in Japan

  • An indirect immunofluorescent antibody test was conducted to ascertain the prevalence of EFV among horses in Japan.
  • The test was conducted on a sample set of 459 horse sera (blood samples), collected from thirteen farms in Hokkaido, Japan, in two phases – first in 2001-2002 and then in 2014-2016. These samples were tested against EFVeca_LM-infected cells as an antigen to identify the presence of EFV antibodies.
  • All the farms had horses testing positive for EFV antibodies.
  • Out of the tested sera, 24.6% samples collected in 2001-2002 and 25.6% samples collected in 2014-2016 were found to be antibody-positive, indicating an EFV infection.
  • When specifically tested at stallion farms, the positive rates were 10.7% in Farm A in 2002, and 40.9% and 13.3% in 2015 at Farms A and B, respectively.

Conclusion

  • The results of the survey suggest that EFV infection is prevalent and has been maintained consistently among the horse population in Japan.

Cite This Article

APA
Kirisawa R, Toishi Y, Hashimoto H, Tsunoda N. (2019). Isolation of an Equine Foamy Virus and Sero-Epidemiology of the Viral Infection in Horses in Japan. Viruses, 11(7), 613. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11070613

Publication

Viruses
ISSN: 1999-4915
NlmUniqueID: 101509722
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 7
PII: 613

Researcher Affiliations

Kirisawa, Rikio
  • Laboratory of Veterinary Virology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan. r-kirisa@rakuno.ac.jp.
Toishi, Yuko
  • Shadai Stallion Station, Abira-cho, Hokkaido 059-1432, Japan.
Hashimoto, Hiromitsu
  • Shiraoi Farm, Shiraoi-cho, Hokkaido 059-0901, Japan.
Tsunoda, Nobuo
  • Shadai Stallion Station, Abira-cho, Hokkaido 059-1432, Japan.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Viral / blood
  • Breeding
  • Farms
  • Genes, Viral / genetics
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Japan / epidemiology
  • Leukocytes, Mononuclear / virology
  • RNA, Viral / genetics
  • Retroviridae Infections / epidemiology
  • Retroviridae Infections / veterinary
  • Retroviridae Infections / virology
  • Sequence Analysis, DNA
  • Seroepidemiologic Studies
  • Spumavirus / genetics
  • Spumavirus / immunology
  • Spumavirus / isolation & purification
  • Terminal Repeat Sequences / genetics

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Materniak-Kornas M, Rożek W, Rola J, Osiński Z, Löchelt M, Kuźmak J. Occurrence of Equine Foamy Virus Infection in Horses from Poland.. Viruses 2022 Sep 6;14(9).
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  2. Mashin VV, Sergeev AN, Martynova NN, Oganov MD, Sergeev AA, Kataeva VV, Zagidullin NV. Ensuring Viral Safety of Equine Immunoglobulins during Production.. Pharm Chem J 2022;56(2):283-288.
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  3. Jaguva Vasudevan AA, Becker D, L T, Gohlke H, Münk C. Foamy Viruses, Bet, and APOBEC3 Restriction.. Viruses 2021 Mar 18;13(3).
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