Isolation of eastern equine encephalitis virus and West Nile virus from crows during increased arbovirus surveillance in Connecticut, 2000.
Abstract: The emergence of the West Nile virus (WNV) in the northeastern United States has drawn emphasis to the need for expanded arbovirus surveillance in Connecticut. Although the state of Connecticut began a comprehensive mosquito-screening program in 1997, only since 1999 have there been efforts to determine the prevalence of arboviruses in bird populations in this state. Herein, we report on our results of an arbovirus survey of 1,704 bird brains. Included in this report are the first known isolations of eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) from crows and data on the geographic and temporal distribution of 1,092 WNV isolations from crow species. Moreover, these nine isolations of EEEV identify regions of Connecticut where the virus is rarely found. With the exception of WNV and EEEV, no other arboviruses were isolated or detected. Taken together, these data illustrate the distribution of avian borne EEEV and WNV in 2000 and support the need for ongoing avian arbovirus surveillance in Connecticut.
Publication Date: 2002-08-08 PubMed ID: 12164299DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2002.66.422Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- P.H.S.
Summary
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The research focuses on the detection and geographical distribution of the West Nile virus (WNV) and eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) in bird populations in Connecticut. The study isolated these viruses from crows and highlighted areas in Connecticut where EEEV is rarely found.
Expanded Arbovirus Surveillance
- This study was conducted in response to the emergence of the West Nile virus (WNV) in the northeastern United States, and in particular, Connecticut. The state had already initiated a comprehensive mosquito-screening program in 1997, but increased efforts to monitor bird populations for arboviruses from 1999 onwards.
- The research used an arbovirus survey of 1,704 bird brains as part of this increased surveillance. Arboviruses are viruses that are transmitted through insects or arthropods. They are significant to public health as they can lead to epidemics and pandemics in human populations.
Isolation and Distribution of Viruses
- The study reports the isolation of the eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) from crows, a first in the field according to the researchers. The EEEV is a rare virus that causes inflammation of the brain in humans and horses and can lead to significant mortality and morbidity.
- Moreover, they isolated and mapped the geographic and temporal distribution of 1,092 WNV isolations from crow species. The WNV is a mosquito-borne zoonotic arbovirus, and crows are significant as they are a primary host.
- The researchers also identified regions of Connecticut where EEEV is rarely found. No other arboviruses apart from WNV and EEEV were detected or isolated in the study.
Importance of Avian Arbovirus Surveillance
- The data gathered illustrates the distribution of the avian borne EEEV and WNV in 2000, and supports the need for ongoing avian arbovirus surveillance in Connecticut. This is crucial in preventing the spread of these diseases and planning control measures.
Cite This Article
APA
Beckwith WH, Sirpenski S, French RA, Nelson R, Mayo D.
(2002).
Isolation of eastern equine encephalitis virus and West Nile virus from crows during increased arbovirus surveillance in Connecticut, 2000.
Am J Trop Med Hyg, 66(4), 422-426.
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2002.66.422 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Connecticut Department of Public Health Laboratory, Biological Sciences, Hartford 06144, USA. william.beckwith@po.state.ct.us
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Bird Diseases / epidemiology
- Bird Diseases / virology
- Brain / virology
- Connecticut / epidemiology
- Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine / genetics
- Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine / isolation & purification
- Encephalomyelitis, Eastern Equine / epidemiology
- Encephalomyelitis, Eastern Equine / veterinary
- Encephalomyelitis, Eastern Equine / virology
- Population Surveillance
- RNA, Viral / analysis
- RNA, Viral / isolation & purification
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Songbirds / virology
- Virus Cultivation
- West Nile Fever / epidemiology
- West Nile Fever / veterinary
- West Nile Fever / virology
- West Nile virus / genetics
- West Nile virus / isolation & purification
Citations
This article has been cited 7 times.- Sun E, Zhao J, Sun L, Xu Q, Yang T, Qin Y, Wang W, Wei P, Sun J, Wu D. Comprehensive mapping of common immunodominant epitopes in the eastern equine encephalitis virus E2 protein recognized by avian antibody responses. PLoS One 2013;8(7):e69349.
- Liu M, Chen S, Chen Y, Liu C, Chen S, Yin X, Li G, Zhang Y. Adapted Tembusu-like virus in chickens and geese in China. J Clin Microbiol 2012 Aug;50(8):2807-9.
- Liu M, Liu C, Li G, Li X, Yin X, Chen Y, Zhang Y. Complete genomic sequence of duck flavivirus from china. J Virol 2012 Mar;86(6):3398-9.
- Su J, Li S, Hu X, Yu X, Wang Y, Liu P, Lu X, Zhang G, Hu X, Liu D, Li X, Su W, Lu H, Mok NS, Wang P, Wang M, Tian K, Gao GF. Duck egg-drop syndrome caused by BYD virus, a new Tembusu-related flavivirus. PLoS One 2011 Mar 24;6(3):e18106.
- Arrigo NC, Adams AP, Watts DM, Newman PC, Weaver SC. Cotton rats and house sparrows as hosts for North and South American strains of eastern equine encephalitis virus. Emerg Infect Dis 2010 Sep;16(9):1373-80.
- Habib-Bein NF, Beckwith WH 3rd, Mayo D, Landry ML. Comparison of SmartCycler real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay in a public health laboratory with direct immunofluorescence and cell culture assays in a medical center for detection of influenza A virus. J Clin Microbiol 2003 Aug;41(8):3597-601.
- Mayo DR, Beckwith WH 3rd. Inactivation of West Nile virus during serologic testing and transport. J Clin Microbiol 2002 Aug;40(8):3044-6.
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