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Science advances2024; 10(12); eadj5782; doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adj5782

Isotopic biographies reveal horse rearing and trading networks in medieval London.

Abstract: This paper reports a high-resolution isotopic study of medieval horse mobility, revealing their origins and in-life mobility both regionally and internationally. The animals were found in an unusual horse cemetery site found within the City of Westminster, London, England. Enamel strontium, oxygen, and carbon isotope analysis of 15 individuals provides information about likely place of birth, diet, and mobility during the first approximately 5 years of life. Results show that at least seven horses originated outside of Britain in relatively cold climates, potentially in Scandinavia or the Western Alps. Ancient DNA sexing data indicate no consistent sex-specific mobility patterning, although three of the five females came from exceptionally highly radiogenic regions. Another female with low mobility is suggested to be a sedentary broodmare. Our results provide direct and unprecedented evidence for a variety of horse movement and trading practices in the Middle Ages and highlight the importance of international trade in securing high-quality horses for medieval London elites.
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Publication Date: 2024-03-22 PubMed ID: 38517967PubMed Central: PMC10959406DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj5782Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Isotopic analysis of horse teeth from a medieval London cemetery uncovers diverse origins and movement patterns, showing that many horses were traded internationally, including from Scandinavia or the Western Alps, to supply the city’s elite.

Overview of the Research

  • The study investigates the geographic origins and movement of medieval horses found in a cemetery within the City of Westminster, London.
  • Researchers employed high-resolution isotopic techniques to analyze tooth enamel, focusing on strontium, oxygen, and carbon isotopes.
  • This isotopic data provides insights into where the horses were born, their diets, and their mobility during the early years of life.
  • Ancient DNA analysis was used to determine the sex of the horses, adding another layer to the understanding of their roles and movement patterns.

Methods Used

  • Isotopic Analysis:
    • Strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr): Help determine geographic origin based on local geology entering the horses’ environment.
    • Oxygen isotopes (δ18O): Indicate climatic and water source information, contributing to understanding regional environments.
    • Carbon isotopes (δ13C): Reveal aspects of diet based on the types of plants consumed.
  • Sample: 15 horses from a medieval horse cemetery in London.
  • Ancient DNA Sexing: Identification of horse sex to investigate whether mobility patterns differed by sex.

Key Findings

  • Diverse Geographic Origins:
    • At least 7 of the 15 horses originated outside of Britain.
    • Some horses came from relatively cold climate regions, potentially Scandinavia or the Western Alps.
  • Mobility Patterns:
    • Isotopic evidence demonstrates regional and international movement, indicating horses were traded across wide geographic ranges.
    • Variation in radiogenic strontium signatures suggests horses were sourced from geologically diverse regions.
  • Sex-Specific Movement:
    • No consistent pattern relating horse sex to mobility was found.
    • However, three out of five females originated from highly radiogenic regions, suggesting some unique sourcing or trading routes.
    • One female appeared to be sedentary, likely a broodmare used locally for breeding.

Implications and Significance

  • The study offers direct evidence of complex horse trading networks during the Middle Ages connecting London to distant regions in Europe.
  • It highlights the reliance of medieval London elites on imported horses, which were prized for quality, for purposes such as transportation, warfare, or status.
  • This research enriches understanding of medieval economic and social history by revealing how animal mobility mirrored human trade and interaction networks.
  • The interdisciplinary approach combining isotopic geochemistry and ancient DNA showcases the power of biogeochemical methods in archaeological studies of past animal management.

Cite This Article

APA
Pryor AJE, Ameen C, Liddiard R, Baker G, Kanne KS, Milton JA, Standish CD, Hambach B, Orlando L, Chauvey L, Schiavinato S, Calvière-Tonasso L, Tressières G, Wagner S, Southon J, Shapiro B, Pipe A, Creighton OH, Outram AK. (2024). Isotopic biographies reveal horse rearing and trading networks in medieval London. Sci Adv, 10(12), eadj5782. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adj5782

Publication

Science advances
ISSN: 2375-2548
NlmUniqueID: 101653440
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 12
Pages: eadj5782
PII: eadj5782

Researcher Affiliations

Pryor, Alexander J E
  • Department of Archaeology and History, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Ameen, Carly
  • Department of Archaeology and History, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Liddiard, Robert
  • School of History, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
Baker, Gary
  • Department of History, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Kanne, Katherine S
  • Department of Archaeology and History, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
  • School of Archaeology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Milton, J Andy
  • School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Standish, Christopher D
  • School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Hambach, Bastian
  • School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Orlando, Ludovic
  • Centre for Anthropobiology and Genomics of Toulouse, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Toulouse, France.
Chauvey, Lorelei
  • Centre for Anthropobiology and Genomics of Toulouse, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Toulouse, France.
Schiavinato, Stephanie
  • Centre for Anthropobiology and Genomics of Toulouse, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Toulouse, France.
Calvière-Tonasso, Laure
  • Centre for Anthropobiology and Genomics of Toulouse, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Toulouse, France.
Tressières, Gaetan
  • Centre for Anthropobiology and Genomics of Toulouse, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Toulouse, France.
Wagner, Stefanie
  • Centre for Anthropobiology and Genomics of Toulouse, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Toulouse, France.
Southon, John
  • Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Shapiro, Beth
  • Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
Pipe, Alan
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
Creighton, Oliver H
  • Department of Archaeology and History, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Outram, Alan K
  • Department of Archaeology and History, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.

MeSH Terms

  • Humans
  • Middle Aged
  • Male
  • Female
  • Horses
  • Animals
  • London
  • Commerce
  • Bone and Bones / chemistry
  • Oxygen Isotopes / analysis
  • Strontium Isotopes / analysis
  • Internationality

Grant Funding

  • European Research Council

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
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  2. Yang D, Podkovyroff K, Uno KT, Bowen GJ, Fernandez DP, Cerling TE. Strontium isotope mapping of elephant enamel supports an integrated microsampling-modeling workflow to reconstruct herbivore migrations.. Commun Biol 2025 Feb 21;8(1):274.
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