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Home / Equine Research Bank / Chromosome Res / Karyotypic relationships in Asiatic asses (kulan and kiang) ...
Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology2009; 17(6); 783-790; doi: 10.1007/s10577-009-9069-3

Karyotypic relationships in Asiatic asses (kulan and kiang) as defined using horse chromosome arm-specific and region-specific probes.

Abstract: Cross-species chromosome painting has been applied to most of the species making up the numerically small family Equidae. However, comparative mapping data were still lacking in Asiatic asses kulan (Equus hemionus kulan) and kiang (E. kiang). The set of horse arm-specific probes generated by laser microdissection was hybridized onto kulan (E. hemionus kulan) and kiang (E. kiang) chromosomes in order to establish a genome-wide chromosomal correspondence between these Asiatic asses and the horse. Moreover, region-specific probes were generated to determine fusion configuration and orientation of conserved syntenic blocks. The kulan karyotype (2n = 54) was ascertained to be almost identical to the previously investigated karyotype of onager E. h. onager (2n = 56). The only difference is in fusion/fission of chromosomes homologous to horse 2q/3q, which are involved in chromosome number polymorphism in many Equidae species. E. kiang karyotype differs from the karyotype of E. hemionus by two additional fusions 8q/15 and 7/25. Chromosomes equivalent to 2q and 3q are not fused in kiang individuals with 2n = 52. Several discrepancies in centromere positions among kulan, kiang and horse chromosomes have been described. Most of the chromosome fusions in Asiatic asses are of centromere-centromere type. Comparative chromosome painting in kiang completed the efforts to establish chromosomal homologies in all representatives of the family Equidae. Application of region-specific probes allows refinement comparative maps of Asiatic asses.
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Publication Date: 2009-09-05 PubMed ID: 19731053DOI: 10.1007/s10577-009-9069-3Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigated the genetic relationship between Asiatic asses species (kulan and kiang) and compared their karyotypes (chromosomal composition) with the horse’s, using cross-species chromosome painting and region-specific probes.

Background and Objectives

  • Researchers noted that cross-species chromosome painting, a technique wherein chromosomes from one species are labeled and used to visualize matching chromosomes in other species, had been utilized for many members of the Equidae family (horses and similar species) but comparable data about Asiatic asses kulan and kiang were not comprehensively mapped.
  • The objective was to determine the genetic correspondence between these species and horses, and to identify any fusion or differentiation patterns, helping to widen the understanding of gene-block conservation and evolution in this family.

    • Methodology

    • Chromosome arm-specific probes (identifying particular parts of chromosomes) obtained from horse cells were utilized onto kulan and kiang chromosomes to locate homologous (genetically corresponding) regions.
    • Region-specific probes were utilized to define the fusion configurations and orientations of conserved syntenic blocks, which are segments of DNA where genes are in the same order across species.

      • Findings

      • The karyotype (the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes) of kulan was found to be nearly identical to E. h. onager’s karyotype with the only difference being in the fusion/fission (merging/splitting) of chromosomes homologous to horse chromosomes 2q/3q, that tend to be involved in chromosome number variations in many Equidae species.
      • Comparatively, kiang’s karyotype showed additional fusions 8q/15 and 7/25, while chromosomes equivalent to horse 2q and 3q are not fused in kiang, a distinction from both kulan and E. hemionus.
      • The team discovered several instances of centromere positions (the place where sister chromatids are attached in a chromosome) differing among kulan, kiang, and horse chromosomes, implying dissimilarities in the manner chromosomes separate during cell division.

        • Conclusions and Implications

        • This study completed the chromosome painting process in all members of the Equidae family by successfully mapping the kiang’s chromosomes.
        • The team stressed that the use of region-specific probes helps refine comparative maps of the chromosomes of Asiatic asses which could further contribute to understanding genetic relationships and evolutionary histories within the Equidae family.

Cite This Article

APA
Musilova P, Kubickova S, Horin P, Vodicka R, Rubes J. (2009). Karyotypic relationships in Asiatic asses (kulan and kiang) as defined using horse chromosome arm-specific and region-specific probes. Chromosome Res, 17(6), 783-790. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-009-9069-3

Publication

Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology
ISSN: 1573-6849
NlmUniqueID: 9313452
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 17
Issue: 6
Pages: 783-790

Researcher Affiliations

Musilova, Petra
  • Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic. musilova@vri.cz
Kubickova, Svatava
    Horin, Petr
      Vodicka, Roman
        Rubes, Jiri

          MeSH Terms

          • Animals
          • Chromosome Banding
          • Chromosome Mapping
          • Chromosome Painting
          • Chromosomes, Mammalian / genetics
          • Chromosomes, Mammalian / ultrastructure
          • DNA Probes / chemistry
          • Equidae / genetics
          • Horses / genetics
          • In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
          • Karyotyping
          • Metaphase
          • Species Specificity

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          Citations

          This article has been cited 3 times.
          1. Romanenko SA, Serdyukova NA, Perelman PL, Pavlova SV, Bulatova NS, Golenishchev FN, Stanyon R, Graphodatsky AS. Intrachromosomal Rearrangements in Rodents from the Perspective of Comparative Region-Specific Painting.. Genes (Basel) 2017 Aug 30;8(9).
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          3. Vilstrup JT, Seguin-Orlando A, Stiller M, Ginolhac A, Raghavan M, Nielsen SC, Weinstock J, Froese D, Vasiliev SK, Ovodov ND, Clary J, Helgen KM, Fleischer RC, Cooper A, Shapiro B, Orlando L. Mitochondrial phylogenomics of modern and ancient equids.. PLoS One 2013;8(2):e55950.
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