Kinetic evaluation of muscle damage during exercise by calculation of amount of creatine kinase released.
Abstract: To quantify the extent of muscle alteration during prolonged exercise, the release rate of creatine kinase (CK) from striated muscle was measured in six horses during a rest period (6 h) and during three exercise tests (15, 30, and 60 km) at a constant speed of 200 m/min. CK clearance was measured after intravenous bolus administration (150 U/kg) of a CK solution obtained from horse muscle. The CK steady-state volume of distribution was 0.059 +/- 0.0215 l/kg, the terminal half-life was 123 +/- 28 min, and the plasma clearance was 0.36 +/- 0.10 ml.kg-1 x min-1. After an intramuscular CK administration, the CK systemic availability was 74.1 +/- 21.2% and the half time of absorption was 9.4 +/- 5.7 h, indicating a slow process for CK transit through the lymphatic system. The CK release rate was only significantly increased during the 60-km exercise test. The increase of CK plasma activity was observed after a delay of approximately 5 h and peaked after the end of the race; the estimated CK release rate was 9.92 +/- 2.62 U.kg-1 x h-1 over a mean duration period of 65.8 +/- 15.8 h. With the CK activity of horse striated muscle taken into account, a 60-km race released a quantity of CK corresponding to an equivalent of 18.8 +/- 4.3 g striated muscle. It is concluded that the equivalent amount of damaged muscle may be considered as negligible for a 60-km test and that only very high plasma CK activity levels (at least higher than 10,000 U/l) may provide some evidence of a myolysis.
Publication Date: 1994-02-01 PubMed ID: 8141400DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1994.266.2.R434Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research article measures the release rate of creatine kinase (CK) from striated muscle in horses during rest and different lengths of exercise to determine the extent of muscle damage during prolonged exercise.
Objective
The primary objective of this research was to quantify the level of muscle alteration during prolonged bouts of exercise. This was achieved by measuring the release rate of creatine kinase (CK), an enzyme found in the muscles, from striated muscle tissues during three different exercise lengths and a rest period.
Methodology
- Six horses were tested during a rest period of 6 hours and during three exercise tests that involved running 15, 30, and 60 kilometers at a constant speed of 200 meters per minute.
- The scientists measured CK clearance in the horses after giving them an intravenous injection of a CK solution obtained from horse muscle.
- To assess the systemic availability and absorption of CK, the research team also used an intramuscular administration process.
Findings
- The researchers found that the CK release rate only showed a significant increase during the longest exercise test – the 60-km run.
- The CK plasma activity increased approximately 5 hours after the start of the exercise and peaked after the race ended.
- They found that a 60-km race released a quantity of CK equivalent to 18.8 ± 4.3 grams of striated muscle.
- The study showed that CK transit through the lymphatic system is a slow process, with a half-absorption time of 9.4 ± 5.7 hours.
Conclusion
- The research concluded that the amount of muscle damage during a 60-km test can be considered negligible.
- They also added that very high plasma CK levels, above 10,000 U/l, might provide evidence of muscle lysis, or breakdown, also referred to as myolysis in this context.
Cite This Article
APA
Volfinger L, Lassourd V, Michaux JM, Braun JP, Toutain PL.
(1994).
Kinetic evaluation of muscle damage during exercise by calculation of amount of creatine kinase released.
Am J Physiol, 266(2 Pt 2), R434-R441.
https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1994.266.2.R434 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Département de Physio-Pathologie et Unité Associée, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, France.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Creatine Kinase / blood
- Creatine Kinase / pharmacokinetics
- Female
- Horses
- Kinetics
- Male
- Metabolic Clearance Rate
- Models, Biological
- Muscles / pathology
- Orchiectomy
- Physical Conditioning, Animal
- Physical Exertion
- Regression Analysis
- Running
- Time Factors
Citations
This article has been cited 12 times.- Buckley P, Buckley DJ, Freire R, Hughes KJ. Pre-race and race management impacts serum muscle enzyme activity in Australian endurance horses.. Equine Vet J 2022 Sep;54(5):895-904.
- Bukhari SSUH, McElligott AG, Parkes RSV. Quantifying the Impact of Mounted Load Carrying on Equids: A Review.. Animals (Basel) 2021 May 7;11(5).
- Bollinger L, Bartel A, Küper A, Weber C, Gehlen H. Age and Hydration of Competing Horses Influence the Outcome of Elite 160 km Endurance Rides.. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:668650.
- Meléndez DM, Marti S, Haley DB, Schwinghamer TD, Schwartzkopf-Genswein KS. Effects of conditioning, source, and rest on indicators of stress in beef cattle transported by road.. PLoS One 2021;16(1):e0244854.
- Lee EC, Fragala MS, Kavouras SA, Queen RM, Pryor JL, Casa DJ. Biomarkers in Sports and Exercise: Tracking Health, Performance, and Recovery in Athletes.. J Strength Cond Res 2017 Oct;31(10):2920-2937.
- Hoppe MW, Baumgart C, Hilberg T, Freiwald J, Wehmeier UF. Changes of standard physiological-perceptual markers and circulating MicroRNAs in response to tennis match-play: A case report of two elite players.. J Hum Kinet 2016 Jun 1;51:71-81.
- Kim S, Simon E, Myers L, Hamm LL, Jazwinski SM. Programmed Cell Death Genes Are Linked to Elevated Creatine Kinase Levels in Unhealthy Male Nonagenarians.. Gerontology 2016;62(5):519-29.
- Huggins KA, Navara KJ, Mendonça MT, Hill GE. Detrimental effects of carotenoid pigments: the dark side of bright coloration.. Naturwissenschaften 2010 Jul;97(7):637-44.
- Sussai DA, Carvalho Pde T, Dourado DM, Belchior AC, dos Reis FA, Pereira DM. Low-level laser therapy attenuates creatine kinase levels and apoptosis during forced swimming in rats.. Lasers Med Sci 2010 Jan;25(1):115-20.
- Su QS, Tian Y, Zhang JG, Zhang H. Effects of allicin supplementation on plasma markers of exercise-induced muscle damage, IL-6 and antioxidant capacity.. Eur J Appl Physiol 2008 Jun;103(3):275-83.
- Gill ND, Beaven CM, Cook C. Effectiveness of post-match recovery strategies in rugby players.. Br J Sports Med 2006 Mar;40(3):260-3.
- Bateson P, Bradshaw EL. Physiological effects of hunting red deer (Cervus elaphus).. Proc Biol Sci 1997 Dec 22;264(1389):1707-14.
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