Laboratory transmission of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus to chickens by chicken mites (Acari: Dermanyssidae).
Abstract: Pools of adult female chicken mites, Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer), were allowed to feed on chicks that had been inoculated with eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus and that had a viremia level of 10(6.2)-10(6.6) plaque-forming units per milliliter of blood. Virus remained detectable by plaque assay in samples of these mites for 30 d after the infectious blood meal. Virus was not recovered from any of 151 progeny of virus-exposed female mites. Mites that had fed on viremic chicks were allowed to feed on naive chicks 3, 7, 11, 15, or 30 d later. EEE virus was transmitted to chicks by these mites on days 3 (one transmission in four trials) and 7 (one transmission in four trials). Both transmissions were confirmed by the presence of virus in chick blood 24-72 h after mites had fed, and by plaque-reduction neutralization assays of 21-d convalescent chick sera against the original viral strain.
Publication Date: 1993-01-01 PubMed ID: 8433339DOI: 10.1093/jmedent/30.1.281Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research article explores how eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus can be transmitted to chickens by chicken mites.
Research Methodology
- The researchers first let pools of adult female chicken mites (Dermanyssus gallinae) feed on chicks that have been injected with the EEE virus. The chicks, at this phase, had a viremia level of 10(6.2)-10(6.6) plaque-forming units per milliliter of blood.
- The virus remained detectable from the sample mites for 30 days after they had an infectious blood meal.
- The team then attempted to recover the virus from 151 offspring of these virus-exposed mites, but no virus was found.
Transmission Trials
- Next, mites that had fed on the virus-infected chicks were allowed to feed on healthy chicks 3, 7, 11, 15, or 30 days later.
- The transmission of the EEE virus to these new chicks was tracked by the research team.
- The EEE virus was found to be transmitted to chicks by mites on day 3 (in one out of four trials) and on day 7 (in one out of four trials).
Transmission Verification
- The successful transmission of the virus was confirmed through the presence of the virus in the blood of these chicks, found 24-72 hours after the mites fed.
- Viral confirmation in the chicks was also validated using plaque-reduction neutralization tests on the chick’s serum after 21 days, which were then matched against the original viral strain.
This research provides important insights on the potential role of chicken mites in the transmission of the EEE virus to chickens, although the transmission rate is low, according to the study’s trial results.
Cite This Article
APA
Durden LA, Linthicum KJ, Monath TP.
(1993).
Laboratory transmission of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus to chickens by chicken mites (Acari: Dermanyssidae).
J Med Entomol, 30(1), 281-285.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/30.1.281 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Arachnid Vectors / microbiology
- Chickens / parasitology
- Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine / physiology
- Encephalomyelitis, Equine / transmission
- Encephalomyelitis, Equine / veterinary
- Female
- Mite Infestations / parasitology
- Mite Infestations / veterinary
- Mites / microbiology
- Poultry Diseases / transmission
- Viremia / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 9 times.- Schiavone A, Pugliese N, Otranto D, Samarelli R, Circella E, De Virgilio C, Camarda A. Dermanyssus gallinae: the long journey of the poultry red mite to become a vector.. Parasit Vectors 2022 Jan 20;15(1):29.
- Kim HK, Lee SJ, Hwang BY, Yoon JU, Kim GH. Acaricidal and repellent effects of Cnidium officinale-derived material against Dermanyssus gallinae (Acari: Dermanyssidae).. Exp Appl Acarol 2018 Apr;74(4):403-414.
- Sreenivasa Murthy GS, Panda R. Prevalence of Dermanyssus and Ornithonyssus species of mites in poultry farms of Vikarabad area of Hyderabad.. J Parasit Dis 2016 Dec;40(4):1372-1375.
- Kim JR, Perumalsamy H, Lee JH, Ahn YJ, Lee YS, Lee SG. Acaricidal activity of Asarum heterotropoides root-derived compounds and hydrodistillate constitutes toward Dermanyssus gallinae (Mesostigmata: Dermanyssidae).. Exp Appl Acarol 2016 Apr;68(4):485-95.
- George DR, Finn RD, Graham KM, Mul MF, Maurer V, Moro CV, Sparagano OA. Should the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae be of wider concern for veterinary and medical science?. Parasit Vectors 2015 Mar 25;8:178.
- Hobbenaghi R, Tavassoli M, Alimehr M, Shokrpoor S, Ghorbanzadeghan M. Histopathological study of the mite biting (Dermanyssus gallinae) in poultry skin.. Vet Res Forum 2012 Summer;3(3):205-8.
- Rahbari S, Nabian S, Ronaghi H. Haematophagus mites in poultry farms of iran.. Iran J Arthropod Borne Dis 2009;3(2):18-21.
- Brännström S, Hansson I, Chirico J. Experimental study on possible transmission of the bacterium Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae to chickens by the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae.. Exp Appl Acarol 2010 Apr;50(4):299-307.
- Valiente Moro C, De Luna CJ, Tod A, Guy JH, Sparagano OA, Zenner L. The poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae): a potential vector of pathogenic agents.. Exp Appl Acarol 2009 Jun;48(1-2):93-104.
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