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Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences2001; 916; 437-443; doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05323.x

Laboratory vector competence of black flies (Diptera:Simuliidae) for the Indiana serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus.

Abstract: In previous experiments we have demonstrated that colonized and wild black flies are competent laboratory vectors of different Mexican and Western USA isolates of vesicular stomatitis virus, serotype New Jersey (VSV-NJ). We have recently demonstrated biological VSV-NJ transmission by black flies using animal models. In the study described here, we tested the vector competence of colonized and wild black flies for the vesicular stomatitis virus, serotype Indiana (VSV-IN). A 1998 equine isolate was used. After a 10 day incubation period, saliva from experimentally infected Simulium vittatum and S. notatum was individually collected and tested for the presence of infectious virus. Virus was detected in the saliva of both species following oral infection, indicating that they are competent laboratory vectors of VSV-IN. In addition, the results suggest that the black fly gut may exert evolutionary pressures on the virus.
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Publication Date: 2001-02-24 PubMed ID: 11193658DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05323.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • Non-P.H.S.

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article presents results suggesting that both colonized and wild black flies could potentially transmit the Indiana serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-IN), based on testing with a 1998 equine isolate of the virus.

Research Context

  • The research builds upon previous experiments, where black flies showed competence in laboratory conditions for transmitting different isolates of vesicular stomatitis virus, particularly, the New Jersey serotype (VSV-NJ).
  • VSV is an infectious and volatile virus that can affect animals, particularly livestock such as horses, cows, and swine. It can also indirectly affect human industries through impact on livestock health. Different serotypes refer to variations of the virus, in this case, Indiana (VSV-IN) and New Jersey (VSV-NJ) serotypes.

The Experiment Testing Vector Competence

  • The researchers used an equine isolate of VSV-IN from 1998 for their experiment.
  • This experiment infected different species of black flies (Simulium vittatum and S. notatum) with this virus isolate.
  • After a 10-day incubation period, saliva from the infected flies was collected individually and tested for the virus.

Results and Implications

  • The virus was detected in the saliva of both Simulium species, which suggest they are competent vectors for VSV-IN, at least under laboratory conditions.
  • The presence of the virus in fly’s saliva implies that black flies can potentially transmit VSV-IN to their biting hosts, just as they had shown with VSV-NJ.
  • The research indicates that the black fly gut might exert evolutionary pressures on VSV. This means that the virus might change or evolve based on the internal environment of the black fly, although the nature and implications of these potential changes would need further investigation.

Cite This Article

APA
Mead DG, Ramberg FB, Maré CJ. (2001). Laboratory vector competence of black flies (Diptera:Simuliidae) for the Indiana serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 916, 437-443. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05323.x

Publication

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
ISSN: 0077-8923
NlmUniqueID: 7506858
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 916
Pages: 437-443

Researcher Affiliations

Mead, D G
  • Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
Ramberg, F B
    Maré, C J

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Diptera / virology
      • Insect Vectors
      • Rhabdoviridae Infections / transmission
      • Rhabdoviridae Infections / veterinary
      • Saliva / virology
      • Stomatitis / veterinary
      • Stomatitis / virology
      • Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus / classification
      • Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus / isolation & purification
      • Vesiculovirus

      Citations

      This article has been cited 9 times.
      1. Šikutová S, Mravcová K, Mendel J, Šebesta O, Sak B, Holubová N, Kváč M, McKee C, Adler PH, Otranto D, Rudolf I. Molecular Screening of Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) for Vector-Borne Zoonotic Pathogens, South Moravia, Czech Republic. Zoonoses Public Health 2026 Feb;73(1):95-106.
        doi: 10.1111/zph.70031pubmed: 41317137google scholar: lookup
      2. Blitvich BJ. The Role of Hematophagous Arthropods, Other than Mosquitoes and Ticks, in Arbovirus Transmission. Viruses 2025 Jun 30;17(7).
        doi: 10.3390/v17070932pubmed: 40733550google scholar: lookup
      3. Rivera-Martínez A, Laredo-Tiscareño SV, Adame-Gallegos JR, Luna-Santillana EJ, Rodríguez-Alarcón CA, García-Rejón JE, Casas-Martínez M, Garza-Hernández JA. Viruses in Simuliidae: An Updated Systematic Review of Arboviral Diversity and Vector Potential. Life (Basel) 2025 May 19;15(5).
        doi: 10.3390/life15050807pubmed: 40430233google scholar: lookup
      4. Zhou LH, Valdez F, Lopez Gonzalez I, Freysser Urbina W, Ocaña A, Tapia C, Zambrano A, Hernandez Solis E, Peters DPC, Mire CE, Navarro R, Rodriguez LL, Hanley KA. Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Transmission Dynamics Within Its Endemic Range in Chiapas, Mexico. Viruses 2024 Nov 6;16(11).
        doi: 10.3390/v16111742pubmed: 39599856google scholar: lookup
      5. Whelpley MJ, Zhou LH, Rascon J, Payne B, Moehn B, Young KI, Mire CE, Peters DPC, Rodriguez LL, Hanley KA. Community composition of black flies during and after the 2020 vesicular stomatitis virus outbreak in Southern New Mexico, USA. Parasit Vectors 2024 Feb 27;17(1):93.
        doi: 10.1186/s13071-024-06127-6pubmed: 38414030google scholar: lookup
      6. Young KI, Valdez F, Vaquera C, Campos C, Zhou L, Vessels HK, Moulton JK, Drolet BS, Rozo-Lopez P, Pelzel-McCluskey AM, Peters DC, Rodriguez LL, Hanley KA. Surveillance along the Rio Grande during the 2020 Vesicular Stomatitis Outbreak Reveals Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of and Viral RNA Detection in Black Flies. Pathogens 2021 Oct 1;10(10).
        doi: 10.3390/pathogens10101264pubmed: 34684213google scholar: lookup
      7. McGregor BL, Rozo-Lopez P, Davis TM, Drolet BS. Detection of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Indiana from Insects Collected during the 2020 Outbreak in Kansas, USA. Pathogens 2021 Sep 2;10(9).
        doi: 10.3390/pathogens10091126pubmed: 34578160google scholar: lookup
      8. Drolet BS, Reeves WK, Bennett KE, Pauszek SJ, Bertram MR, Rodriguez LL. Identical Viral Genetic Sequence Found in Black Flies (Simulium bivittatum) and the Equine Index Case of the 2006 U.S. Vesicular Stomatitis Outbreak. Pathogens 2021 Jul 23;10(8).
        doi: 10.3390/pathogens10080929pubmed: 34451394google scholar: lookup
      9. Rozo-Lopez P, Drolet BS, Londoño-Renteria B. Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Transmission: A Comparison of Incriminated Vectors. Insects 2018 Dec 11;9(4).
        doi: 10.3390/insects9040190pubmed: 30544935google scholar: lookup
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