Laparoscopic intra-abdominal ligation and removal of cryptorchid testes in horses.

This research evaluates the effectiveness of laparoscopic intra-abdominal procedures for the ligation and removal of undescended testes in horses, making it an efficient method of cryptorchid castration.

Study Overview

• This retrospective research was conducted on 50 horses that underwent laparoscopic intra-abdominal removal of cryptorchid testes between 1991 and 1996. Cryptorchidism refers to a medical condition in male horses where one or both of the testes fail to descend.
• Sixty-one cryptorchid testes were removed using three different methods: an endoscoping stapling and transection device, an endoscopic clipping device, and an endoscopic ligating loop.
• All of the methods were combined with monopolar electrosurgery to facilitate the coagulation and cutting of tissue.

Intra-Operative Procedures and Complications

• In eight horses, nine testes were retained between the internal and external inguinal rings. These were removed by cutting the internal inguinal ring and relocating the testes into the abdomen for extraction without an attempt to close the inguinal ring.
• One intra-operative complication occurred during the procedure, a small intestine perforation. It was handled successfully.

Post-Operative Results

• Post operation, one horse developed a fever due to an upper respiratory tract infection and was successfully treated with antibiotics.
• The study found that the most frequently used and cost-effective method for laparoscopic intra-abdominal removal of cryptorchid testes was the combined use of an endoscopic ligating loop and monopolar electrosurgery.

Practical Implications

• This technique effectively minimizes the loss of insufflation, allows inspection of the cut tissue for hemorrhage, and provides secure closure of the abdominal wall, thus preventing inguinal herniation. There is also excellent visualization of the undescended testes.
• In conclusion, the research suggests that laparoscopic intra-abdominal ligation and transection of cryptorchid testes prove a viable and effective method for cryptorchid castration in horses.