Laryngeal movements during the respiratory cycle measured with an endoscopic imaging technique in the conscious horse at rest.
Abstract: A video-laryngoscopic method, implemented with an algorithm for the correction of the deformation inherent in the endoscope optical system, has been used to measure the dorsoventral diameter (Drg) and the cross-sectional area (CSArg) of the rima glottidis in five healthy workhorses during conscious breathing at rest. Simultaneous recording of the respiratory airflow was also obtained in two horses. Drg measured 82.7 +/- 4.5 mm (mean +/- S.D.) independently of the respiratory phase, and did not differ from the measurement in post-mortem anatomical specimens of the same horses. CSArg ranged from 1130 +/- 117 mm2 (mean +/- S.D.) during the inspiratory phase to 640 +/- 242 mm2 during the expiratory phase; being always narrower than tracheal cross-sectional area, which was 1616 +/- 224 mm2, as determined from anatomical specimens. Both inspiratory and expiratory airflow waves displayed a biphasic pattern. Maximal laryngeal opening occurred in phase with the second inspiratory peak, while during expiration CSArg attained a minimum value during the first expiratory peak which was significantly smaller (P < 0.01) than the area subsequently maintained during the rest of the expiratiory phase. These quantitative measurements of equine laryngeal movements substantiate the important role played by the larynx in regulating upper airway respiratory resistance and the expiratory airflow pattern at rest.
Publication Date: 1999-09-11 PubMed ID: 10481230 The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research explores the use of a video-laryngoscopic method to measure and analyze the laryngeal movements of horses during resting respiration. This aids understanding of the larynx’s role in managing airflow resistance in horses.
Methodology
- The study used a specialized endoscopic imaging method, complemented by an algorithm designed to correct inherent deformations in the optical system of the endoscope. This enabled precise measurement of parameters such as the dorsoventral diameter (Drg) and the cross-sectional area (CSArg) of the rima glottidis (the opening between the vocal folds in the larynx) in five healthy horses.
- At the same time, respiratory airflow was recorded for two of these horses. This comprehensive approach provided a nuanced view of laryngeal function during respiration.
Results and Findings
- Drg was found to be 82.7 +/- 4.5 mm, not varying by respiratory phase and consistent with post-mortem measurements taken from the same horses.
- CSArg was found to range from 1130 +/- 117 mm2 during the inspiration phase to 640 +/- 242 mm2 during the expiration phase. It was consistently smaller than the tracheal cross-sectional area, measured at 1616 +/- 224 mm2. These differences were derived from anatomical specimens.
- The measurements revealed a biphasic pattern in both inspiratory and expiratory airflow waves. The larynx’s largest opening coincided with the second inspiratory peak, while the smallest CSArg was measured during the first expiratory peak.
- In the expiration phase, the minimum measured area was significantly smaller (P < 0.01) than the area subsequently maintained during the rest of the expiration phase.
Conclusion
- The results from the recordings substantiate the larynx’s crucial role in controlling upper airway respiratory resistance and the expiratory airflow pattern in horses while at rest.
- This study, therefore, offers quantifiable insights into equine respiratory physiology, particularly the laryngeal movements during a respiratory cycle.
Cite This Article
APA
Lafortuna CL, Albertini M, Ferrucci F, Zucca E, Braghieri M, Clement MG, Saibene F.
(1999).
Laryngeal movements during the respiratory cycle measured with an endoscopic imaging technique in the conscious horse at rest.
Exp Physiol, 84(4), 739-746.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche Avanzate del CNR, Segrate, Milano, Italy. lafo@itba.mi.cnr.it
MeSH Terms
- Algorithms
- Animals
- Consciousness / physiology
- Female
- Glottis / anatomy & histology
- Glottis / physiology
- Horses / physiology
- Laryngoscopy / methods
- Male
- Respiratory Mechanics / physiology
- Rest / physiology
- Video Recording
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Caccamo R, Buracco P, La Rosa G, Cantatore M, Romussi S. Glottic and skull indices in canine brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome. BMC Vet Res 2014 Jan 11;10:12.
- Fava D, Bitelli G, Cappi M, Diana A, Pietra M, Cinotti S. Endoscopic examination of equine upper respiratory tract by computed image analysis. Vet Res Commun 2003 Sep;27 Suppl 1:749-53.
- Lafortuna CL, Saibene F, Albertini M, Clement MG. The regulation of respiratory resistance in exercising horses. Eur J Appl Physiol 2003 Oct;90(3-4):396-404.
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