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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Vet Intern Med / Left Ventricular Function After Prolonged Exercise in Equine...
Journal of veterinary internal medicine2016; 30(4); 1260-1269; doi: 10.1111/jvim.13982

Left Ventricular Function After Prolonged Exercise in Equine Endurance Athletes.

Abstract: Prolonged exercise in human athletes is associated with transient impairment of left ventricular (LV) function, known as cardiac fatigue. Cardiac effects of prolonged exercise in horses remain unknown. Objective: To investigate the effects of prolonged exercise on LV systolic and diastolic function in horses. Methods: Twenty-six horses competing in 120-160 km endurance rides. Methods: Cross-sectional field study. Echocardiography was performed before and after rides, and the following morning, and included two-dimensional echocardiography, anatomical M-mode, pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging, and two-dimensional speckle tracking. Correlation between echocardiographic variables and cardiac troponin I was evaluated. Results: Early diastolic myocardial velocities decreased significantly in longitudinal (baseline: -17.4 ± 2.4cm/s; end of ride: -15.8 ± 3.2cm/s (P = .013); morning after: -15.4 ± 3.0cm/s (P = .0033)) and radial directions (-32.8 ± 3.4cm/s; -28.1 ± 5.8cm/s (P < .001); -26.4 ± 5.5cm/s (P < .001)). Early diastolic strain rates decreased significantly in longitudinal (1.58 ± 0.27s(-1) ; 1.45 ± 0.26s(-1) (P = .036); 1.41 ± 0.25s(-1) (P = .013)) and circumferential directions (2.43 ± 0.29s(-1) ; 1.96 ± 0.46s(-1) (P < .001); 2.11 ± 0.32s(-1) (P < .001)). Systolic variables showed ambiguous results. No correlations with serum cardiac troponin I concentrations were evident. Conclusions: Prolonged exercise in horses is associated with impaired LV diastolic function. Reduced ventricular filling persisted for 7-21 hours despite normalization of biochemical indicators of hydration status, indicating that the observed changes were not entirely related to altered preload conditions. The clinical relevance of cardiac fatigue in horses remains uncertain.
Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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Publication Date: 2016-06-15 PubMed ID: 27305095PubMed Central: PMC5094507DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13982Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the impact of prolonged exercise on the heart’s left ventricular (LV) function in endurance horses. It reveals that extended physical activity leads to an impaired LV diastolic function, with reduced ventricular filling persisting for 7-21 hours.

Objective and Methods

  • The primary objective of the study was to understand how prolonged exercise affects the systolic and diastolic function of the left ventricle in horses. This research aimed to inform the knowledge gap that existed about cardiac effects of prolonged exercise in horses, despite the documented association with transient impairment of left ventricular function (referred to as cardiac fatigue) in human athletes.
  • The study involved twenty-six horses that were competing in endurance rides ranging between 120-160 km.
  • As part of the methodology, the researchers utilized echocardiography before and after the endurance rides, and on the following morning. They used a variety of echocardiographic techniques including two-dimensional echocardiography, anatomical M-mode, pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging, and two-dimensional speckle tracking.
  • The scientists also evaluated the correlation between echocardiographic variables and the cardiac troponin I levels. Cardiac troponin I is a protein specific to the heart muscle and its levels in the blood can indicate heart muscle damage.

Key Findings

  • The results showed that early diastolic myocardial velocities significantly reduced in both longitudinal and radial directions following the endurance ride and were still lower the morning after.
  • Similarly, early diastolic strain rates significantly decreased in longitudinal and circumferential directions.
  • There were no clear changes (referred to as “ambiguous” in the abstract) in systolic variables and no evident correlations with blood concentrations of cardiac troponin I were observed.

Conclusions and Implications

  • Overall, the research concluded that prolonged exercise in horses is associated with reduced functioning of the left ventricle during diastole, a phase of the cardiac cycle during which the ventricles relax and fill with blood.
  • The fact that reduced ventricular filling was present for 7-21 hours after the prolonged exercise and despite biochemical indicators of hydration status returning to normal levels, suggests that these changes were not entirely due to altered preload (the volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole) conditions.
  • The study does note that the clinical impact of cardiac fatigue in horses from prolonged exercise remains unknown, indicating that further research is required to understand the long-term effects and implications.

Cite This Article

APA
Flethøj M, Schwarzwald CC, Haugaard MM, Carstensen H, Kanters JK, Olsen LH, Buhl R. (2016). Left Ventricular Function After Prolonged Exercise in Equine Endurance Athletes. J Vet Intern Med, 30(4), 1260-1269. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.13982

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 30
Issue: 4
Pages: 1260-1269

Researcher Affiliations

Flethøj, M
  • Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark.
Schwarzwald, C C
  • Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Haugaard, M M
  • Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark.
Carstensen, H
  • Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark.
Kanters, J K
  • Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Olsen, L H
  • Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Buhl, R
  • Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Female
  • Horses / physiology
  • Male
  • Physical Conditioning, Animal / physiology
  • Physical Endurance / physiology
  • Sports
  • Time Factors
  • Ventricular Function, Left / physiology

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