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Acta veterinaria Scandinavica1976; 17(2); 153-168; doi: 10.1186/BF03547924

Light and electron microscopic investigation of equine synovial membrane. A comparison between healthy joints and joints with intraarticular fractures and osteochondrosis dissecans.

Abstract: Light and electron microscopic examination was made on equine synovial membrane from 23 healthy joints, nine joints with synovitis caused by intraarticular fracture and 10 joints with synovitis caused by osteochondrosis dissecans. Histologically as well as ultrastructurally the equine synovial membrane from healthy joints was of principally the same character as described in other species. Three types of synovial membrane — areolar, fibrous and adipose — and two types of lining cell were distinguished histologically. Ultrastructurally three types of lining cells were distinguished: A and Β type and an intermediate cell type. In healthy joints they were loosely arranged, parallel to the joint surface in an intercellular matrix, which was in direct continuity with the joint space. In joints with intraarticular fracture there was mild inflammation of the synovial membrane. There was elongation and hyperplasia of the lining cells with a relative increase in type A cells. The cell surface of lining cells was increased through filopodia. There was also an increase in cytoplasmic organelles i.e. hyperplasia of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes in Β type cells and an increase in lysosomes, and increased numbers of vesicles of varying types in A cells. In joints with osteochondrosis dissecans the lining cell hyperplasia and the inflammation in the synovial membrane were more prominent. Ultrastructurally the same alterations as in the previous group were seen including a relative increase in the number of A cells but degenerative changes were common in the lining cells. These changes were dilatation and vesiculation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial condensation, dilatation of the nuclear envelope and loss of plasma membranes, leading to disintegration of cells. Synovialmembran från 23 friska leder och 9 leder med synovit till följd av intraartikulär fraktur samt 10 leder med synovit till följd av osteochondrosis dissecans undersöktes ljus- och elektronmikroskopiskt. Såväl ljusmikroskopiskt som ultrastrukturellt befanns synovialmembranet från friska hästleder visa överensstämmelse med andra djurslags. Tre typer av synovialmembran — areolärt, fibröst och adipost — samt två typer av intimaceller kunde urskiljas histologiskt. Ultrastruktur ellt kunde tre typer av intimaceller urskiljas: A- och B-celler samt en intermediär celltyp. I friska leder låg dessa celler i luckra förband omgivna av en lucker matrix, som ofta stod i direkt kontakt med ledhålan. I leder med intraartikulär fraktur förelåg en lindrig inflammation i synovialmembranet. En elongering och hyperplasi av intimaceller, samt en relativ ökning av A-celler iakttogs. Intimacellernas yta var förstorad till följd av cellutskott. Vidare iakttogs en ökning av vissa organeller, nämligen en hyperplasi av det endoplasmatiska retiklet och Golgi apparater i B-celler och ett ökat antall lysosomer och vesikler i A-celler. I leder med osteochondrosis dissecans var inflammationen i synovialmembranet och hyperplasin av intimaceller mera uttalade. Ultrastrukturellt förelåg också samma förändringar som i föregående grupp inbegripande även en relativ ökning av antalet A-celler. Dessutom var degenerativa förändringar i intimaceller vanliga. Dessa förändringar bestod i en dilatering och vesikulering av det endoplasmatiska retiklet, kondensering av mitochondrier, dilatering av kärnhöljet och avsaknad av plasma membran medförande upplösning av cellerna.
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Publication Date: 1976-01-01 PubMed ID: 952248PubMed Central: PMC8383977DOI: 10.1186/BF03547924Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research looks at the cellular structure of horse joint linings, comparing healthy joints with those affected by intraarticular fractures and osteochondrosis dissecans, a joint condition. The scientists used light and electron microscopy to perform this analysis.

Methodology

  • The study involved an in-depth microscopic examination of the synovial membrane, or the lining of the joints, in horses. These linings were taken from 23 joints, nine having inflammation due to intraarticular fractures and another 10 from synovitis caused by a condition known as osteochondrosis dissecans.
  • This research utilised light and electron microscopes. These provided highly detailed images of the synovial membranes, enabling comprehensive analysis of their histological and ultrastructural characteristics.
  • Three types of synovial membranes were identified: areolar, fibrous, and adipose. Additionally, two types of lining cells were recognised in the microscopic analysis: cell types ‘A’ and ‘B’, plus an intermediary type.

Findings in Healthy Joints

  • In healthy joints, the lining cells were loosely arranged, being parallel to the joint surface amidst an intercellular matrix, which was in direct continuity with the joint space.

Findings in Joints with Intraarticular Fractures

  • The synovial membranes of joints affected by intraarticular fractures showed mild inflammation.
  • These joints also displayed elongation and hyperplasia (an increase in the production of cells) of the lining cells. There was a relative increase in type A cells.
  • In these joints, the surface of the lining cells was enlarged due to filopodia (protrusions on the cell surface).
  • The research also observed an increase in the number of cytoplasmic organelles, as evident from the hyperplasia of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes in type B cells, as well as an increase in lysosomes and vesicles of varying types in type A cells.

Findings in Joints with Osteochondrosis Dissecans

  • The inflammation in synovial membranes and the hyperplasia of lining cells were more prominent in joints with osteochondrosis dissecans.
  • The same signs as those associated with intraarticular fractures were observed, including an increase in type A cells and degenerative changes in the lining cells.
  • These degenerative changes were characterised by the enlargement and formation of vesicles (small enclosed compartments containing fluid) in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, condensation of mitochondria, expansion of nuclear envelope, and the loss of plasma membranes, resulting in the disintegration of the cells.

Cite This Article

APA
Johansson HE, Rejnö S. (1976). Light and electron microscopic investigation of equine synovial membrane. A comparison between healthy joints and joints with intraarticular fractures and osteochondrosis dissecans. Acta Vet Scand, 17(2), 153-168. https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03547924

Publication

Acta veterinaria Scandinavica
ISSN: 0044-605X
NlmUniqueID: 0370400
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 17
Issue: 2
Pages: 153-168

Researcher Affiliations

Johansson, H E
    Rejnö, S

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Endoplasmic Reticulum / ultrastructure
      • Fractures, Bone / pathology
      • Fractures, Bone / veterinary
      • Horse Diseases / pathology
      • Horses / anatomy & histology
      • Mitochondria / ultrastructure
      • Osteochondritis / pathology
      • Osteochondritis / veterinary
      • Synovial Membrane / anatomy & histology
      • Synovial Membrane / ultrastructure
      • Synovitis / pathology
      • Synovitis / veterinary

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      Citations

      This article has been cited 4 times.
      1. Johnston KM, Doige CE, Osborne AD. An evaluation of nonsuppurative joint disease in slaughter pigs. Can Vet J 1987 Apr;28(4):174-80.
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