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PloS one2018; 13(2); e0193424; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193424

Lipidomic analysis of immune activation in equine leptospirosis and Leptospira-vaccinated horses.

Abstract: Currently available diagnostic assays for leptospirosis cannot differentiate vaccine from infection serum antibody. Several leptospiral proteins that are upregulated during infection have been described, but their utility as a diagnostic marker is still unclear. In this study, we undertook a lipidomics approach to determine if there are any differences in the serum lipid profiles of horses naturally infected with pathogenic Leptospira spp. and horses vaccinated against a commercially available bacterin. Utilizing a high-resolution mass spectrometry serum lipidomics analytical platform, we demonstrate that cyclic phosphatidic acids, diacylglycerols, and hydroperoxide oxidation products of choline plasmalogens are elevated in the serum of naturally infected as well as vaccinated horses. Other lipids of interest were triacylglycerols that were only elevated in the serum of infected horses and sphingomyelins that were increased only in the serum of vaccinated horses. This is the first report looking at the equine serum lipidome during leptospiral infection and vaccination.
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Publication Date: 2018-02-23 PubMed ID: 29474474PubMed Central: PMC5825116DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193424Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research study focuses on understanding the differences in the serum lipid profiles of horses naturally infected with Leptospira spp. compared to horses vaccinated against it. Techniques in lipidomic analysis were used and several lipid types, including cyclic phosphatidic acids, diacylglycerols, and hydroperoxide oxidation products of choline plasmalogens, were found increased in both infected and vaccinated horses.

Objective and Motivation

  • The research seeks to improve current diagnostic methods for leptospirosis, a bacterial disease, in horses. Present diagnostic methods cannot distinguish between antibodies produced due to vaccination and those resulting from natural infection.
  • The researchers aimed to investigate if there are any distinctive patterns in the lipid profile of horses naturally infected with Leptospira spp., a pathogen causing leptospirosis, and horses vaccinated against it.

Methodology

  • The research used a lipidomics approach, which is the large-scale study of pathways and networks of cellular lipids in biological systems. It applied a high-resolution mass spectrometry serum lipidomics analytical platform to discern differences in the serum lipid profiles.
  • Lipidomics can provide a comprehensive view of the cellular lipid metabolic processes and the changes associated with pathological states. In this case, it was used to identify lipid biomarkers unique to infection and vaccination against leptospirosis.

Results

  • The study identified that cyclic phosphatidic acids, diacylglycerols, and hydroperoxide oxidation products of choline plasmalogens were elevated in the serum of both naturally infected and vaccinated horses.
  • The research found other lipids of interest: triacylglycerols levels were elevated only in the serum of naturally infected horses, while sphingomyelins increased only in the serum of vaccinated horses. This suggests their potential as more precise biomarkers for diagnostic differentiation.

Significance

  • This study represents the first exploration of equine serum lipidome during leptospiral infection and vaccination, providing precious insights into the lipid metabolic changes associated with both conditions.
  • The findings may lead to the development of improved diagnostic techniques that can accurately differentiate between natural infection and post-vaccination serum antibody responses in horses affected by leptospirosis.

Cite This Article

APA
Wood PL, Steinman M, Erol E, Carter C, Christmann U, Verma A. (2018). Lipidomic analysis of immune activation in equine leptospirosis and Leptospira-vaccinated horses. PLoS One, 13(2), e0193424. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193424

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 2
Pages: e0193424

Researcher Affiliations

Wood, Paul L
  • Metabolomics Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee, United States of America.
Steinman, Margaret
  • Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America.
Erol, Erdal
  • Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America.
Carter, Craig
  • Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America.
Christmann, Undine
  • Center for Infectious, Zoonotic and Vector-borne Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee, United States of America.
Verma, Ashutosh
  • Center for Infectious, Zoonotic and Vector-borne Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee, United States of America.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horse Diseases / immunology
  • Horse Diseases / metabolism
  • Horses
  • Leptospira / immunology
  • Leptospira / physiology
  • Leptospirosis / immunology
  • Leptospirosis / metabolism
  • Leptospirosis / veterinary
  • Lipid Metabolism
  • Vaccination

Conflict of Interest Statement

Competing Interests: All authors have no competing interests.

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