Long-term monitoring of clodronate in equine hair using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Abstract: Given the potential for long-term inhibition of bone remodeling/healing and detrimental effects to horses in training, bisphosphonates are tightly regulated in horseracing. Hair has proven to be an effective matrix for detection of drug administration to horses and has been particularly effective in detecting drugs for a long period of time post administration. Thus, hair may prove to be a useful matrix for detection of administration of this class of drugs. The objective of the current study was to develop an assay and assess the usefulness of hair as a matrix for long-term detection of clodronate to horses. Seven horses received a single intramuscular administration of 1.8 mg/kg clodronate. Hair samples were collected prior to and up to 6 months post administration. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and concentrations of clodronate measured in hair samples. The drug was first detected on day 7 in 4/7 horses, and on days 14, 28 and 35 in the remaining three horses. In 4/7 horses, clodronate was still detectable 6 months post administration. Results of this study demonstrate that, although there was significant inter-individual variability in detection times (63 to 180 days) and several intermediate times where the drug could not be detected but was subsequently detected in later timepoints, clodronate administration was detectable in hair for a prolonged period in most of the horses (4/7) studied.
Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2023-06-16 PubMed ID: 37339532DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123789Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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This research paper focuses on the development of a method to detect the presence of the drug clodronate in horse hair for up to six months after administration. The results confirmed that despite some variability between individual horses, clodronate detection in hair was possible for a substantial duration in most cases.
Study Objective and Method
- The main aim of the research was to create a test that could accurately identify the administration of bisphosphonates (in this case specifically clodronate) in horses, a drug group heavily regulated due to potentially harmful effects on bone healing and horse health during training.
- Hair was chosen as the detection matrix due to its proven efficiency in tracing drug administration in horses over extended periods.
- In the study, seven horses were subjected to a single intramuscular injection of clodronate, and hair samples were taken before and recurrently up until six months after the injection.
- Using a method known as liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, the team then measured the concentration of clodronate within the hair samples.
Key Findings
- The results indicated that the drug was first detected seven days after administration, though it took up to 35 days for the drug to appear in some of the horses.
- Crucially, the findings showed that clodronate could still be detected six months post administration in four out of seven horses, confirming that hair could provide a suitable matrix for long-term detection of the drug.
- However, there were significant variances between individual horses in terms of detection time, ranging from 63 to 180 days.
- Additionally, there were several instances where the drug could not be detected at a certain time, only to be detected later on. This indicates that while detection is possible, it may not always be consistent or predictable across all horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Knych HK, McKemie DS, Yim S, Stanley SD, Arthur RM.
(2023).
Long-term monitoring of clodronate in equine hair using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci, 1226, 123789.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123789 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- K.L. Maddy Equine Analytical Pharmacology Lab, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA. Electronic address: hkknych@ucdavis.edu.
- K.L. Maddy Equine Analytical Pharmacology Lab, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- K.L. Maddy Equine Analytical Pharmacology Lab, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, MH Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, KY, USA.
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Horses
- Animals
- Clodronic Acid / analysis
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry / methods
- Chromatography, Liquid
- Diphosphonates / analysis
- Hair / chemistry
Conflict of Interest Statement
Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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