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Scientific reports2017; 7; 46559; doi: 10.1038/srep46559

Long term stability and infectivity of herpesviruses in water.

Abstract: For viruses to utilize environmental vectors (hard surfaces, soil, water) for transmission, physical and chemical stability is a prerequisite. There are many factors including pH, salinity, temperature, and turbidity that are known to contribute to the ability of viruses to persist in water. Equine herpesvirus type-1 (EHV-1) is a pathogenic alphaherpesvirus associated with domestic horses and wild equids. EHV-1 and recombinants of EHV-1 and EHV-9 are able to cause infections in non-equid animal species, particularly in captive settings. Many of the captive non-equid mammals are not naturally sympatric with equids and do not share enclosures, however, in many cases water sources may overlap. Similarly, in the wild, equids encounter many species at waterholes in times of seasonal drought. Therefore, we hypothesized that EHV-1 is stable in water and that water may act as a vector for EHV-1. In order to establish the conditions promoting or hindering EHV-1 longevity, infectivity and genomic stability in water; we exposed EHV-1 to varied water environments (pH, salinity, temperature, and turbidity) in controlled experiments over 21 days. The presence and infectivity of the virus was confirmed by both qPCR and cell culture experiments. Our results show that EHV-1 remains stable and infectious under many conditions in water for up to three weeks.
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Publication Date: 2017-04-21 PubMed ID: 28429732PubMed Central: PMC5399353DOI: 10.1038/srep46559Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research is about the long-term stability and ability to infect (infectivity) of a pathogen, specifically equine herpesvirus type-1 (EHV-1), in various water environments. The study shows that EHV-1 can stay stable and infectious in water for up to three weeks under many conditions.

Introduction

  • The research focuses on the premise that viruses need to be physically and chemically stable to use environmental vectors like hard surfaces, soil, and water for transmission.
  • Several factors contribute to the persistence of viruses in water, including pH, salinity, temperature, and turbidity.
  • The study specifically investigates EHV-1, a pathogenic alphaherpesvirus associated with domestic horses and wild equids. There is an ability for EHV-1 and recombinants of EHV-1 and EHV-9 to cause infections in non-equid animal species, primarily in captive settings.

Research Hypothesis

  • The researchers hypothesized that EHV-1 is stable in water, suggesting that water could act as a vector for the transmission of EHV-1.
  • The researchers point towards the overlap of water sources among captive non-equid mammals that are not naturally sympatric with equids and do not share enclosures.
  • Similarly, in the wild, equids come into contact with many other species at waterholes during seasonal drought periods.

Research Methodology

  • To test the hypothesis, the researchers exposed EHV-1 to different water environments over 21 days in controlled experiments.
  • These variables were pH levels, salinity, temperatures, and turbidity, which are known factors that contribute to the persistence of viruses in water.
  • The researchers used both qPCR and cell culture experiments to confirm the presence and infectivity of EHV-1 in the water.

Research Findings

  • The results from the analysis revealed that EHV-1 remained stable and infects under various conditions in water for up to three weeks.
  • This finding is significant as it confirms the hypothesis that water can act as a vector for EHV-1, highlighting an important consideration for disease control measures in both captive and wild environments.

Cite This Article

APA
Dayaram A, Franz M, Schattschneider A, Damiani AM, Bischofberger S, Osterrieder N, Greenwood AD. (2017). Long term stability and infectivity of herpesviruses in water. Sci Rep, 7, 46559. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep46559

Publication

Scientific reports
ISSN: 2045-2322
NlmUniqueID: 101563288
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 7
Pages: 46559
PII: 46559

Researcher Affiliations

Dayaram, Anisha
  • Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Strasse 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany.
Franz, Mathias
  • Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Strasse 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany.
Schattschneider, Alexander
  • Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Strasse 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany.
Damiani, Armando M
  • Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
Bischofberger, Sebastian
  • Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
Osterrieder, Nikolaus
  • Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
Greenwood, Alex D
  • Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Strasse 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany.
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Germany.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Line
  • Herpesviridae Infections
  • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / pathogenicity
  • Horses
  • Microbial Viability
  • Rabbits
  • Time Factors
  • Water
  • Water Microbiology

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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