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Home / Equine Research Bank / Osteoarthritis Cartilage / Lubricin/proteoglycan 4 increases in both experimental and n...
Osteoarthritis and cartilage2016; 25(1); 128-137; doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.07.021

Lubricin/proteoglycan 4 increases in both experimental and naturally occurring equine osteoarthritis.

Abstract: The goals of this study were (1) to quantify proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) gene expression; (2) to assess lubricin immunostaining; and (3) to measure synovial fluid lubricin concentrations in clinical and experimental models of equine carpal osteoarthritis (OA). Lubricin synovial fluid concentrations and cartilage and synovial membrane PRG4 expression were analyzed in research horses undergoing experimental OA induction (n = 8) and in equine clinical patients with carpal OA (n = 58). Lubricin concentrations were measured using a custom sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and PRG4 expression was quantified using qRT-PCR. Lubricin immunostaining was assessed in synovial membrane and osteochondral sections in the experimental model. Lubricin concentrations increased in synovial fluid following induction of OA, peaking at 21 days post-operatively in OA joints vs sham-operated controls (331 ± 69 μg/mL vs 110 ± 19 μg/mL, P = 0.001). Lubricin concentrations also increased in horses with naturally occurring OA as compared to control joints (152 ± 32 μg/mL vs 68 ± 4 μg/mL, P = 0.003). Synovial membrane PRG4 expression increased nearly 2-fold in naturally occurring OA (P = 0.003), whereas cartilage PRG4 expression decreased 2.5-fold (P = 0.025). Lubricin immunostaining was more pronounced in synovial membrane from OA joints as compared to controls, with intense lubricin localization to sites of cartilage damage. Although PRG4 gene expression decreases in OA cartilage, synovial membrane PRG4 expression, synovial fluid lubricin concentrations and lubricin immunostaining all increase in an equine OA model. Lubricin may be elevated to protect joints from post-traumatic OA.
Copyright © 2016 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2016-08-04 PubMed ID: 27498214PubMed Central: PMC5489058DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.07.021Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Extramural

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research study investigates the role of proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), also known as Lubricin, in horses suffering from osteoarthritis. The study found that Lubricin concentrations and gene expression increase in the synovial membrane and fluid of affected joints. The increase of Lubricin seems to be a response to protect joints affected by osteoarthritis.

Objective of the Study

  • The research had three primary objectives: to quantify the gene expression of proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), to assess the performance of lubricin through immunostaining methods, and to measure the concentration of lubricin in the synovial fluid in both experimental and clinical models of equine carpal osteoarthritis (OA).

Methodology

  • The study involved horses with experimentally induced osteoarthritis (8 in number) and horses with naturally occurring osteoarthritis (58 in total).
  • Lubricin synovial fluid concentrations were measured using a custom sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while PRG4 gene expression was assessed using qRT-PCR (quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction).
  • Immunostaining was conducted to assess lubricin in synovial membrane and osteochondral sections in the experimental model.

Results of the Study

  • The study revealed that the concentrations of lubricin increased in the synovial fluid following the induction of osteoarthritis, with the highest concentrations observed 21 days after surgery.
  • Similar increases in lubricin concentrations were also found in horses with naturally occurring osteoarthritis, compared to control joints.
  • The synovial membrane PRG4 expression multiplied almost two times in horses with naturally occurring osteoarthritis. However, PRG4 expression in cartilage decreased by 2.5 times.
  • Immuno-staining showed more pronounced presence of lubricin in the synovial membrane from osteoarthritic joints as opposed to controls, with intensive lubricin localization at sites of cartilage damage.

Conclusion

  • In conclusion, the study showed that despite the decrease in PRG4 gene expression in osteoarthritic cartilage, the expression of PRG4 in the synovial membrane, as well as lubricin concentration in synovial fluid, increases in cases of osteoarthritis in horses.
  • Lubricin elevation may serve as a protective mechanism of the joint against post-traumatic osteoarthritis.

Cite This Article

APA
Reesink HL, Watts AE, Mohammed HO, Jay GD, Nixon AJ. (2016). Lubricin/proteoglycan 4 increases in both experimental and naturally occurring equine osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 25(1), 128-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2016.07.021

Publication

Osteoarthritis and cartilage
ISSN: 1522-9653
NlmUniqueID: 9305697
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 25
Issue: 1
Pages: 128-137
PII: S1063-4584(16)30214-X

Researcher Affiliations

Reesink, H L
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Electronic address: hlr42@cornell.edu.
Watts, A E
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. Electronic address: Awatts@cvm.tamu.edu.
Mohammed, H O
  • Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Electronic address: hom1@cornell.edu.
Jay, G D
  • Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Department of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 12903, USA. Electronic address: gregory_jay_md@brown.edu.
Nixon, A J
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Electronic address: ajn1@cornell.edu.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / veterinary
  • Female
  • Glycoproteins / analysis
  • Glycoproteins / metabolism
  • Horse Diseases / metabolism
  • Horses
  • Male
  • Osteoarthritis / metabolism
  • Osteoarthritis / veterinary
  • Proteoglycans / analysis
  • Proteoglycans / metabolism
  • Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
  • Synovial Fluid / chemistry

Grant Funding

  • T32 OD011000 / NIH HHS

Conflict of Interest Statement

. HLR, AEW, HOM and AJN have no competing interests to declare. GDJ has authored and was granted a United States patent “Tribonectin polypeptides and uses thereof,” no. 6743774 for the therapeutic use of lubricin in joints. Dr. Jay receives support from a Phase II STTR for clinical translation efforts related to his patent. The present paper neither materially nor financially affects Dr. Jay’s patent relating to rh. Case Western Reserve University has licensed mAb-9g3 (for GDJ) to EMD Millipore (Billerica, MA).

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