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Journal of biomechanics2017; 60; 9-14; doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.05.015

Magnetic particle translation as a surrogate measure for synovial fluid mechanics.

Abstract: The mechanics of synovial fluid vary with disease progression, but are difficult to quantify quickly in a clinical setting due to small sample volumes. In this study, a novel technique to measure synovial fluid mechanics using magnetic nanoparticles is introduced. Briefly, microspheres embedded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, termed magnetic particles, are distributed through a 100μL synovial fluid sample. Then, a permanent magnet inside a protective sheath is inserted into the synovial fluid sample. Magnetic particles translate toward the permanent magnet and the percentage of magnetic particles collected by the magnet in a given time can be related to synovial fluid viscosity. To validate this relationship, magnetic particle translation was demonstrated in three phases. First, magnetic particle translation was assessed in glycerol solutions with known viscosities, demonstrating that as fluid viscosity increased, magnetic particle translation decreased. Next, the relationship between magnetic particle translation and synovial fluid viscosity was assessed using bovine synovial fluid that was progressively degenerated via ultrasonication. Here, particle collection in a given amount of time increased as fluid degenerated, demonstrating that the relationship between particle collection and fluid mechanics holds in non-Newtonian synovial fluid. Finally, magnetic particle translation was used to assess differences between healthy and OA affected joints in equine synovial fluid. Here, particle collection in a given time was higher in OA joints relative to healthy horses (p<0.001). Combined, these data demonstrate potential viability of magnetic particle translation in a clinical setting to evaluate synovial fluid mechanics in limited volumes of synovial fluid sample.
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2017-05-21 PubMed ID: 28583675PubMed Central: PMC5545061DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.05.015Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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This research article explores a new approach to measure the mechanics of synovial fluid, an issue linked with disease progression, by using magnetic nanoparticles. The method uses these particles to help ascertain synovial fluid viscosity, and in these tests, was successful in distinguishing between healthy and osteoarthritis (OA) affected joints in equine synovial fluid.

Introduction

  • The authors of the study developed a unique technique to measure the mechanics of synovial fluid using magnetic nanoparticles.
  • Synovial fluid’s mechanics change with disease progression, but it has been challenging to quickly quantify them in a clinical setting due to the small sample volumes.

Methodology

  • Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, also known as magnetic particles, are embedded into microspheres and distributed through a 100μL synovial fluid sample.
  • A permanent magnet enclosed in a protective sheath is inserted into the synovial fluid sample.
  • The magnetic particles are attracted towards the magnet, and their rate of movement helps determine the synovial fluid’s viscosity- the higher percentage of particles collected by the magnet, the less viscous the fluid.

Validation Process

  • The methodology was validated in three steps. First, the process was put to test in glycerol solutions with known viscosities.
  • It was observed that as fluid viscosity increased, the rate of movement of magnetic particles lowered. Next, the relationship between the magnetic particles’ movement and synovial fluid viscosity was evaluated using bovine synovial fluid which was progressively degenerated through ultrasonication.
  • It was discovered that as the fluid degenerated, more particles were collected in a given time, emphasizing that the relationship between particle collection and fluid mechanics holds even in non-Newtonian synovial fluid.
  • Lastly, this method of measuring psynovial fluid viscosity using magnetic particle translation was used to discern the difference between healthy and osteoarthritis-affected joints in equine synovial fluid.

Conclusion

  • The findings of this research indicate that this approach is potentially viable for use in a clinical setting to ascertain synovial fluid mechanics from limited volumes of synovial fluid samples.
  • It was higher in OA-affected joints compared to healthy joints, reinforcing its potential for disease diagnostics.

Cite This Article

APA
Shah YY, Maldonado-Camargo L, Patel NS, Biedrzycki AH, Yarmola EG, Dobson J, Rinaldi C, Allen KD. (2017). Magnetic particle translation as a surrogate measure for synovial fluid mechanics. J Biomech, 60, 9-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.05.015

Publication

Journal of biomechanics
ISSN: 1873-2380
NlmUniqueID: 0157375
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 60
Pages: 9-14
PII: S0021-9290(17)30270-1

Researcher Affiliations

Shah, Yash Y
  • Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Maldonado-Camargo, Lorena
  • Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Patel, Neal S
  • J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Biedrzycki, Adam H
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Yarmola, Elena G
  • J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Dobson, Jon
  • Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Rinaldi, Carlos
  • J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Allen, Kyle D
  • J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States. Electronic address: kyle.allen@bme.ufl.edu.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Cattle
  • Glycerol / chemistry
  • Horse Diseases / pathology
  • Horses
  • Hydrodynamics
  • Magnetite Nanoparticles / chemistry
  • Microspheres
  • Models, Biological
  • Osteoarthritis / pathology
  • Osteoarthritis / veterinary
  • Particle Size
  • Polystyrenes / chemistry
  • Solutions
  • Synovial Fluid / physiology
  • Viscosity
  • Water / chemistry

Grant Funding

  • R01 AR068424 / NIAMS NIH HHS
  • R21 AR064402 / NIAMS NIH HHS

Conflict of Interest Statement

: The authors have no conflicts of interest to report.

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Hayashi D, Roemer FW, Link T, Li X, Kogan F, Segal NA, Omoumi P, Guermazi A. Latest advancements in imaging techniques in OA. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2022;14:1759720X221146621.
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  2. Armington SL, Shah YY, Dobson J, Allen KD. A Novel Device for the Quantification of Synovial Fluid Viscosity Via Magnetic Deflection. J Biomech Eng 2022 Aug 1;144(8).
    doi: 10.1115/1.4053794pubmed: 35147159google scholar: lookup
  3. Shah YY, Partain BD, Aldrich JL, Strinden M, Dobson J, Rinaldi-Ramos C, Allen KD. Proteomic characterization of particle-protein coronas shows differences between osteoarthritic and contralateral knees in a rat model. Connect Tissue Res 2025 Jan;66(1):59-72.
    doi: 10.1080/03008207.2025.2459242pubmed: 39988892google scholar: lookup
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