Malignant mixed sex cord-stromal tumour in a stallion.
Abstract: A 30-year-old Standardbred stallion was examined for unilateral scrotal swelling. Physical and ultrasound examinations revealed a painless enlarged left testis with a non-homogeneous echogenicity, when compared with the controlateral testis. The stallion underwent left unilateral orchiectomy. Grossly, the excised testis was irregularly enlarged (12 x 9 x 9 cm; weight: 530 g) and firm. The sections showed that testicular parenchyma was replaced by a lobulated, greyish-white mass, which involved the epididymal head. At microscopy, a dual Leydig and Sertoli cell tumour component could be seen. Neoplastic Sertoli cells were prevalent and presented pleomorphic cells, mitotic figures and occasional vascular invasion. Tumour patterns showed tubular and solid areas, cord-like or diffuse in appearance, among which newly formed Leydig cell nests and low-density fibrillar bundles were interposed. Immunohistochemically, a weak to moderate immunostaining for vimentin, AE(1)/AE(3) cytokeratin, alpha-1-antitrypsin and CD99 antigens was found in the growing Sertoli cells, whose nuclear MIB-1 labelling index scored 13 +/- 2%. The Leydig tumour cells, on the other hand, displayed a moderate to strong positivity for alpha-inhibin, vimentin, AE(1)/AE(3) cytokeratin, neurone-specific enolase and CD99. On the basis of these findings, a diagnosis of malignant mixed sex cord-stromal tumour was made.
Publication Date: 2004-09-16 PubMed ID: 15367273DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2004.00503.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research discusses a unique case where a 30-year-old Standardbred stallion was diagnosed with a malignant mixed sex cord-stromal tumour after exhibiting signs of unilateral (one-sided) scrotal swelling. The article examines the diagnostic process, findings, and conclusions related to this specific case of testicular cancer.
Case Presentation and Examination
- The study presents a case of a 30-year-old Standardbred stallion displaying symptoms of unilateral scrotal swelling. This, coupled with a painless enlarged left testis, prompted further examination and analysis.
- Physical and ultrasound examinations were done, revealing non-homogeneous echogenicity when compared with the stallion’s right testis, suggesting a variance in tissue density or presence of an anomaly. These observations led to the decision for a left unilateral orchiectomy, a surgical procedure for the removal of one testicle.
Gross and Microscopic Findings
- The excised testis was considerably enlarged and firm, featuring a lobulated, greyish-white mass that extended into the epididymal head. The testicular parenchyma, the tissue in the body of the testis, had been replaced by this mass.
- Microscopic examination revealed a tumour component consisting of both Leydig and Sertoli cells. Sertoli cells, which nurture developing sperm cells, were predominant. These cells were diverse in shape, showed signs of cell divisions (mitotic figures), and sometimes invaded blood vessels. Tumour patterns ranged from tubular and solid areas to cord-like or diffuse appearances.
Immunohistochemical Findings
- Further, an immunohistochemical analysis was conducted. The growing Sertoli cells showed weak to moderate immunostaining for vimentin, AE(1)/AE(3) cytokeratin (proteins found in skin and other epithelial cells), alpha-1-antitrypsin, and antigen CD99. Their nuclear MIB-1 labelling index, which is a marker for cell proliferation, scored 13 +/- 2%.
- In contrast, the Leydig cells displayed moderate to strong positivity for alpha-inhibin, vimentin, AE(1)/AE(3) cytokeratin, neurone-specific enolase (a substance produced by certain cells of the nervous system and connected to hypoxia or cell damage), and CD99.
- Based on these findings, the tumour was identified as a malignant mixed sex cord-stromal tumour – a rare type of testicular cancer involving both Leydig and Sertoli cells.
Cite This Article
APA
Zanghì A, Catone G, Marino G, De Vico G, Nicòtina PA.
(2004).
Malignant mixed sex cord-stromal tumour in a stallion.
Reprod Domest Anim, 39(5), 376-379.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2004.00503.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Messina, Messina. Italy. zanghia@unime.it
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horse Diseases / surgery
- Horses
- Immunohistochemistry / veterinary
- Leydig Cells / pathology
- Male
- Orchiectomy / veterinary
- Sertoli Cells / pathology
- Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors / pathology
- Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors / surgery
- Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors / veterinary
- Testicular Neoplasms / pathology
- Testicular Neoplasms / surgery
- Testicular Neoplasms / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Yearley JH, King N, Liu X, Curran EH, O'Neil SP. Biphasic malignant testicular sex cord-stromal tumor in a cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) with review of the literature. Vet Pathol 2008 Nov;45(6):922-7.
- Waqas MS, Arroyo E, Tibary A. Diagnostic Approach to Equine Testicular Disorders. Vet Sci 2024 May 29;11(6).
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