FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Surg / Maternal allogeneic cancellous bone graft for the treatment ...
Veterinary surgery : VS2022; 52(3); 467-477; doi: 10.1111/vsu.13926

Maternal allogeneic cancellous bone graft for the treatment of osteitis along the physeal scar of the proximal metatarsus in a foal.

Abstract: To describe the treatment and outcome of a foal with a fresh allogenic cancellous bone graft after surgical debridement of a traumatic septic osteitis. Methods: A neonatal Quarter Horse foal. Methods: Case report. Methods: The foal sustained a traumatic laceration exposing the proximal third metatarsal bone. One week after surgical debridement and closure, radiographic signs of septic osteitis were noted along the physeal scar. The lesion was debrided, and antimicrobial therapy was implemented. The infection resolved but left a large defect in the metaphysis and epiphysis. Grafting was indicated to avoid pathologic fractures of the plantar and proximal cortices. Due to a discrepancy between defect size and the bone stock of the foal, an allogeneic cancellous bone graft was harvested from the dam's tuber coxae and used to fill the foal's defect. Results: No adverse reactions to the graft were noted. After 1 month, the wound had healed. Radiographic examination was consistent with graft incorporation in the bone structure. The foal was sound at a walk and trot when examined at 6, 12, and 21 months. The bone's contour was even and its structure homogeneously radio dense. The surgical site of the mare healed without complications. Conclusions: Fresh allogenic cancellous bone grafting resulted in the healing of a large traumatic-septic bone defect in a foal, with an excellent functional and cosmetic outcome. For future use, compatibility testing should be considered prior to allogeneic bone grafting.
© 2022 The Authors. Veterinary Surgery published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Surgeons.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2022-12-21 PubMed ID: 36541337DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13926Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Case Reports
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discussed the successful use of a maternal allogenic cancellous bone graft to treat a foal’s traumatic septic osteitis, a bone infection, in its proximal metatarsus.

Introduction and Methodology

  • The study analyzes the case of a neonatal Quarter Horse foal that suffered a traumatic laceration exposing the bone in its hind leg. After surgical treatment, septic osteitis was observed in the healed area known as the physeal scar.
  • The affected region was cleansed (surgical debridement) and treated with antimicrobial meds. However, the infection resolution left a large cavity in the metaphysis and epiphysis parts of the affected bone.

Procedure

  • Given the size of the defect and the inadequacy of the foal’s bone stock to accommodate an autograft, the researchers harvested an allogenic cancellous bone graft from the dam (mother horse) and implanted this into the foal’s defect.
  • This procedure was aimed at averting pathological fractures in the foot region of the foal.

Results

  • Post-operation, the graft showed no adverse reaction, and the wound had healed after one month. Radiographic scans indicated successful graft incorporation into the bone structure.
  • The foal was able to walk and trot without issues 6, 12, and 21 months post-operation. The bone surface was smooth and the overall bone structure was radiographically dense.
  • The site from where the graft was harvested on the mother horse also healed without any complications.

Conclusion

  • The study concluded that fresh allogenic cancellous bone grafting can effectively heal large traumatic and septic bone defects in foals.
  • The results were functionally and cosmetically satisfactory.
  • However, in future cases, pre-transfusion compatibility testing should be considered to minimize the risk of transplant rejection.

Cite This Article

APA
Sauer FJ, Verhaar N, Geburek F. (2022). Maternal allogeneic cancellous bone graft for the treatment of osteitis along the physeal scar of the proximal metatarsus in a foal. Vet Surg, 52(3), 467-477. https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.13926

Publication

Veterinary surgery : VS
ISSN: 1532-950X
NlmUniqueID: 8113214
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 52
Issue: 3
Pages: 467-477

Researcher Affiliations

Sauer, Fay J
  • Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
Verhaar, Nicole
  • Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
Geburek, Florian
  • Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.

MeSH Terms

  • Horses
  • Animals
  • Female
  • Cancellous Bone / transplantation
  • Metatarsal Bones
  • Cicatrix / veterinary
  • Metatarsus
  • Osteitis / veterinary
  • Epiphyses
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / veterinary
  • Bone Transplantation / veterinary
  • Horse Diseases / surgery

References

This article includes 56 references
  1. Graham SM, Leonidou A, Aslam-Pervez N. Biological therapy of bone defects: the immunology of bone Allo-transplantation. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2010;10(6):885-901.
    doi: 10.1517/14712598.2010.481669google scholar: lookup
  2. Henninger RW, Bramlage LR, Schneider RK, Gabel AA. Lag screw and cancellous bone graft fixation of transverse proximal sesamoid bone fractures in horses: 25 cases (1983-1989). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1991;199(5):606-612.
  3. Medina L, Wheat J, Morgan J. Treatment of basal fractures of the proximal sesamoid bone in the horse using an autogenous bone graft. Proc Am Ass Equine Pract 1980;26(35):345-380.
  4. Kraus BM, Richardson DW, Nunamaker DM, Ross MW. Management of comminuted fractures of the proximal phalanx in horses: 64 cases (1983-2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004;224(2):254-263.
    doi: 10.2460/javma.2004.224.254google scholar: lookup
  5. Carstanjen B, Trela J, Zukiewicz K, Gajewski Z, Rattenhuber S. Repair and rehabilitation concept of a five-day-old radius fracture in a foal. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 2012;154(4):153-154.
    doi: 10.1024/0036-7281/a000319google scholar: lookup
  6. Lescun TB, Morisset SM, Fugaro MN, Blevins WE. Facilitated ankylosis of the distal interphalangeal joint in a foal. Aust Vet J 2004;82(5):282-285.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2004.tb12704.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  7. Richardson DW, Nunamaker DM, Sigafoos RD. Use of an external skeletal fixation device and bone graft for arthrodesis of the metacarpophalangeal joint in horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1987;191(3):316-321.
  8. Bertone AL, Schneiter HL, Turner AS, Shoemaker RS. Pancarpal arthrodesis for treatment of carpal collapse in the adult horse a report of two cases. Vet Surg 1989;18(5):353-359.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.1989.tb01098.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  9. Skov Hansen S, Lagerquist U, Tóth T. A large cyst in the distal femur of a horse. Equine Vet Educ 2021;33(3):e67-e72.
    doi: 10.1111/eve.13162google scholar: lookup
  10. Stöcker DS, Ohlerth S, Grest P, Mackenthun E, Bettschart-Wolfensberger R, Kümmerle JM. An unusual cyst-like lesion in the metaphysis of the tibia in a horse. Equine Vet Educ 2017;29(5):252-258.
    doi: 10.1111/eve.12430google scholar: lookup
  11. Jackson WA, Stick JA, Arnoczky SP, Nickels FA. The effect of compacted cancellous bone grafting on the healing of subchondral bone defects of the medial femoral condyle in horses. Vet Surg 2000;29(1):8-16.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2000.00008.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  12. Kold SE, Hickman J. Use of an autogenous cancellous bone graft in the treatment of subchondral bone cysts in the medial femoral condyle of the horse. Equine Vet J 1983;15(4):312-316.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1983.tb01808.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  13. Jackman BR, Baxter GM. Treatment of a mandibular bone cyst by use of a corticocancellous bone graft in a horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992;201(6):892-894.
  14. Kold SE, Hickman J. Results of treatment of subchondral bone cysts in the medial condyle of the equine femur with an autogenous cancellous bone graft. Equine Vet J 1984;16(5):414-418.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1984.tb01962.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  15. Osborne C, Elce YA, Meehan L, Davern AJ, Lescun TB. Neoplasia within the equine foot: a retrospective case series of four horses. Equine Vet Educ 2022;34(10):e437.
    doi: 10.1111/eve.13523google scholar: lookup
  16. Ogden NKE, Jukic CC, Zedler ST. Management of an extensive equine juvenile ossifying fibroma by rostral mandibulectomy and reconstruction of the mandibular symphysis using string of pearls plates with cortical and cancellous bone autografts. Vet Surg 2019;48(1):105-111.
    doi: 10.1111/vsu.12943google scholar: lookup
  17. Honnas CM, Crabill MR, Mackie JT, Yarbrough TB, Schumacher J. Use of autogenous cancellous bone grafting in the treatment of septic navicular bursitis and distal sesamoid osteomyelitis in horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1995;206(8):1191-1194.
  18. Lischer CJ. Successful treatment of vertebral body osteomyelitis in a foal: a highlight in equine surgery. Equine Vet Educ 2009;21(2):76-78.
    doi: 10.2746/095777309x402430google scholar: lookup
  19. Markel MD, Meagher DM, Ford TS. Use of cancellous bone graft in treatment of navicular bone osteomyelitis in a foal. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1985;187(3):278-280.
  20. Desjardins MR, Vachon AM. Surgical management of Rhodococcus equi metaphysitis in a foal. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990;197(5):608-612.
  21. Atasoy A, Kose GT. Biology of cancellous bone graft materials and their usage for bone regeneration. JSM Biotechnol Bioeng 2016;3(2):1051.
  22. Baldwin P, Li DJ, Auston DA, Mir HS, Yoon RS, Koval KJ. Autograft, allograft, and bone graft substitutes: clinical evidence and indications for use in the setting of Orthopaedic trauma surgery. J Orthop Trauma 2019;33(4):203-213.
    doi: 10.1097/bot.0000000000001420google scholar: lookup
  23. Kawcak CE, Trotter GW, Powers BE, Park RD, Turner AS. Comparison of bone healing by demineralized bone matrix and autogenous cancellous bone in horses. Vet Surg 2000;29(3):218-226.
    doi: 10.1053/jvet.2000.5601google scholar: lookup
  24. Jones RD, Milne DW, Fetter AW. Cortical bone Allografting in the horse. Vet Surg 1981;10(1):1-11.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.1981.tb00623.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  25. Douglas J, Clarke AF. Preliminary results of demineralised bone matrix implantation in horses. Equine Vet J 1993;25:84-88.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1993.tb04860.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  26. Vail TB, Trotter GW, Powers BE. Equine demineralized bone matrix: relationship between particle size and Osteoinduction. Vet Surg 1994;23(5):386-395.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.1994.tb00499.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  27. Cassotis NJ, Stick JA, Arnoczky SP. Use of full cortical allograft to repair a metatarsal fracture in a foal. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211(9):1155-1157.
  28. Markel MD. Bone grafts and bone substitutes. Equine Fracture Repair 2019:163-172.
    doi: 10.1002/9781119108757.ch11google scholar: lookup
  29. Gava NF, Engel EE. Treatment alternatives and clinical outcomes of bone filling after benign tumour curettage. A systematic review. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2022;108(4):102966.
    doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2021.102966google scholar: lookup
  30. Baxter GM, Stashak TS, Keegan KG. Examination for lameness. Adams and Stashak's Lameness in Horses 2020:67-188.
    doi: 10.1002/9781119276715.ch2google scholar: lookup
  31. Duan W, Lopez MJ. Bone grafts and bone replacements. Equine Surgery Elsevier 2019;1314-1326.
    doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-48420-6.00078-8google scholar: lookup
  32. Richardson GL, Pool RR, Pascoe JR, Wheat JD. Autogenous cancellous bone grafts from the sternum in horses comparison with other donor sites and results of use in orthopedic surgery. Vet Surg 1986;15(1):9-15.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.1986.tb00166.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  33. Ehrler DM, Vaccaro AR. The use of allograft bone in lumbar spine surgery. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2000;371(371):38-45.
    doi: 10.1097/00003086-200002000-00005google scholar: lookup
  34. Shafiei Z, Bigham AS, Dehghani SN, Torabi NS. Fresh cortical autograft versus fresh cortical allograft effects on experimental bone healing in rabbits: radiological, histopathological and biomechanical evaluation. Cell Tissue Bank 2009;10(1):19-26.
    doi: 10.1007/s10561-008-9105-0google scholar: lookup
  35. Bos GD, Goldberg VM, Zika JM, Heiple KG, Powell AE. Immune responses of rats to frozen bone allografts. J Bone Joint Surg 1983;65(2):239-246.
    doi: 10.2106/00004623-198365020-00015google scholar: lookup
  36. Trivedi VB, Dave AP, Dave JM, Patel BC. Human leukocyte antigen and its role in transplantation biology. Transplant Proc 2007;39(3):688-693.
    doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2007.01.066google scholar: lookup
  37. Jeannerat E, Marti E, Thomas S. Embryo survival in the oviduct not significantly influenced by major histocompatibility complex social signaling in the horse. Sci Rep 2020;10(1):1-8.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-58056-wgoogle scholar: lookup
  38. Jaworska J, Tobolski D, Janowski T. Is similarity in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) associated with the incidence of retained fetal membranes in draft mares? A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2020;15(8):e0237765.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237765google scholar: lookup
  39. Auer JA. Fractures in the growing foal part I: epiphyseal fractures. Pferdeheilkunde 1986;2(6):353-370.
    doi: 10.21836/pem19860605google scholar: lookup
  40. Myers VS, Emmerson MA. The age and manner of epiphyseal closure in the forelegs of two Arabian foals. Vet Radiol 1966;7(1):39-47.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1966.tb01062.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  41. Auer JA. Angular limb deformities. Equine Surgery 2012;1201-1221.
    doi: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-0867-7.00086-7google scholar: lookup
  42. Hall M, Pollock P, Russell T. Surgical treatment of septic physitis in 17 foals. Aust Vet J 2012;90(12):479-484.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2012.01000.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  43. Auer JA, Stick J, Kümmerle JM, Prange T. Equine Surgery. Elsevier 2019.
    doi: 10.1016/c2015-0-05672-6google scholar: lookup
  44. Wormstrand B, Østevik L, Ekman S, Olstad K. Septic arthritis/osteomyelitis may Lead to Osteochondrosis-like lesions in foals. Vet Pathol 2018;55(5):693-702.
    doi: 10.1177/0300985818777786google scholar: lookup
  45. van der Heyden L, Lejeune JP, Caudron I. Association of breeding conditions with prevalence of osteochondrosis in foals. Vet Rec 2013;172(3):68.
    doi: 10.1136/vr.101034google scholar: lookup
  46. Barneveld A, van Weeren PR. Conclusions regarding the influence of exercise on the development of the equine musculoskeletal system with special reference to osteochondrosis. Equine Vet J Suppl 1999;31(31):112-119.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05323.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  47. van den Hoogen BM, van den Lest CH, van Weeren PR, van Golde LM, Barneveld A. Effect of exercise on the proteoglycan metabolism of articular cartilage in growing foals. Equine Vet J 1999;31:62-66.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05315.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  48. van den Hoogen BM, van den Lest CHA, van Weeren PR, van Golde LMG, Barneveld A. Changes in proteoglycan metabolism in osteochondrotic articular cartilage of growing foals. Equine Vet J 1999;31(S31):38-44.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05312.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  49. Adin CA. Screening criteria for feline renal transplant recipients and donors. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 2002;17(4):184-189.
    doi: 10.1053/svms.2002.36608google scholar: lookup
  50. Yeates JW. Ethical considerations in feline renal transplantation. Vet J 2014;202(3):405-407.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.10.006google scholar: lookup
  51. Younger EM, Chapman MW. Morbidity at bone graft donor sites. J Orthop Trauma 1989;3(3):192-195.
    doi: 10.1097/00005131-198909000-00002google scholar: lookup
  52. Pezzanite L, Goodrich LR. Complications of bone graft harvesting, handling, and implantation. Complications in Equine Surgery 2021:79-86.
    doi: 10.1002/9781119190332.ch10google scholar: lookup
  53. Bowen M, Slater JD. Protect ME: Safeguarding antibiotics now and for the future. https://www.beva.org.uk/Guidance-and-Resources/Medicines/Antibiotics/Protect-Me-Toolkit/Protect-Me-Online. Published 2012. Accessed August 17, 2022.
  54. Parsonage B, Hagglund PK, Keogh L, Wheelhouse N, Brown RE, Dancer SJ. Control of antimicrobial resistance requires an ethical approach. Front Microbiol 2017;2(8):2124.
    doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02124google scholar: lookup
  55. Darley ESR, MacGowan AP. Antibiotic treatment of gram-positive bone and joint infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004;53(6):928-935.
    doi: 10.1093/jac/dkh191google scholar: lookup
  56. Jacobsen S. Update on wound dressings: indications and best use. Equine Wound Management 2016:104-131.
    doi: 10.1002/9781118999219.ch6google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,344 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.