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Home / Equine Research Bank / Anim Genet / Maternal and paternal genetic variation in Estonian local ho...
Animal genetics2019; 50(6); 757-760; doi: 10.1111/age.12835

Maternal and paternal genetic variation in Estonian local horse breeds in the context of geographically adjacent and distant Eurasian breeds.

Abstract: The maternal and paternal genetic variation of horse breeds from the Baltic Sea region, including three local Estonian breeds, was assessed and compared with that of Altai and Yakutian horses. In the mtDNA D-loop region, 72 haplotypes assigned to 20 haplogroups in the nine breeds were detected. In Estonian local breeds, 38 mtDNA haplotypes were found, and five of them were shared by the three breeds. More than 60% of all identified haplotypes were rare. Compared with the Estonian Native and Estonian Heavy Draught breeds, a higher haplotypic diversity was found in the Tori breed (h = 0.969). Moreover, four haplotypes shared among Finnish and Estonian local horse breeds indicated ancient ancestry, and of these, H30 (haplogroup D3) showed global sharing and genetic links between modern Baltic Sea region and Siberian horses, specifically. The studied breed set showed high variability in maternal inheritance and mixed patterns of the international and native breeds of the Siberian and Baltic regions. No variation was found in paternally inherited markers among horse breeds in the Baltic Sea region.
© 2019 The Authors. Animal Genetics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Stichting International Foundation for Animal Genetics.
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Publication Date: 2019-09-02 PubMed ID: 31475379PubMed Central: PMC6899971DOI: 10.1111/age.12835Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research project focused on exploring the maternal and paternal genetic diversity of horse breeds in the Baltic Sea region, including Estonian breeds, in comparison to distant Eurasian breeds like Altai and Yakutian. The study uncovered some unique patterns of genetic sharing and high diversity in maternal inheritance, but didn’t find variation in paternal genetic markers among the horse breeds in the Baltic Sea region.

Research Methodology and Findings

  • The study involved the examination of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop region, a segment often used in studies to measure genetic diversity due to its high mutation rate.
  • A total of 72 unique mtDNA haplotypes, which are groupings of gene variations that are likely to be inherited together, were identified across the nine breeds being studied.
  • Among the local Estonian breeds, 38 unique mtDNA haplotypes were identified. Interestingly, five of these haplotypes were found in all three Estonian breeds.
  • The majority of the haplotypes identified were rare, appearing in less than 60% of the sample.

Insights from the Study

  • The Tori breed, one of the Estonian local breeds, was found to have a higher haplotypic diversity compared to the Estonian Native and Estonian Heavy Draught breeds. This might suggest greater genetic variation and potentially greater adaptability or resilience in the Tori breed.
  • The study also discovered four haplotypes shared by Finnish and Estonian breeds, suggesting an ancient common ancestry for these horses.
  • One particular haplotype, H30, was found to show genetic sharing on a global scale, indicating a genetic link between Baltic Sea and Siberian horses.

Implications of the Findings

  • The species showed high variability in maternal inheritance, as well as mixed patterns of genetic traits of international breeds and native breeds of the Siberian and Baltic regions.
  • Contrary to the maternal side, the study found no variation in the genes inherited from the father among horse breeds in the Baltic Sea region. It suggests that, at least in this respect, these breeds have a homogenous paternal genetic background.

Cite This Article

APA
Sild E, Värv S, Kaart T, Kantanen J, Popov R, Viinalass H. (2019). Maternal and paternal genetic variation in Estonian local horse breeds in the context of geographically adjacent and distant Eurasian breeds. Anim Genet, 50(6), 757-760. https://doi.org/10.1111/age.12835

Publication

Animal genetics
ISSN: 1365-2052
NlmUniqueID: 8605704
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 50
Issue: 6
Pages: 757-760

Researcher Affiliations

Sild, E
  • Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51014, Estonia.
Värv, S
  • Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51014, Estonia.
Kaart, T
  • Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51014, Estonia.
Kantanen, J
  • Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Myllytie 1, Alimentum, Jokioinen, FI-31600, Finland.
Popov, R
  • Yakutian Research Institute of Agriculture (FGBNU Yakutskij NIISH), ul. Bestyzhevo-Marlinskogo 23/1, Yakutsk, 677001, The Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia.
Viinalass, H
  • Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51014, Estonia.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • DNA, Mitochondrial
  • Estonia
  • Female
  • Haplotypes
  • Horses / classification
  • Horses / genetics
  • Male
  • Pedigree

Grant Funding

  • Estonian Ministry of Education and Research
  • Academy of Finland

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Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
  1. Giontella A, Cardinali I, Sarti FM, Silvestrelli M, Lancioni H. Y-Chromosome Haplotype Report among Eight Italian Horse Breeds.. Genes (Basel) 2023 Aug 9;14(8).
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  2. Kusliy MA, Yurlova AA, Neumestova AI, Vorobieva NV, Gutorova NV, Molodtseva AS, Trifonov VA, Popova KO, Polosmak NV, Molodin VI, Vasiliev SK, Semibratov VP, Iderkhangai TO, Kovalev AA, Erdenebaatar D, Graphodatsky AS, Tishkin AA. Genetic History of the Altai Breed Horses: From Ancient Times to Modernity.. Genes (Basel) 2023 Jul 26;14(8).
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  3. Cardinali I, Giontella A, Tommasi A, Silvestrelli M, Lancioni H. Unlocking Horse Y Chromosome Diversity.. Genes (Basel) 2022 Dec 2;13(12).
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  4. Kvist L, Honka J, Salazar D, Kirkinen T, Hemmann K. Memories, museum artefacts and excavations in resolving the history of maternal lineages in the Finnhorse.. Anim Genet 2022 Dec;53(6):821-828.
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