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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / Measurement of Selected Renal Biochemical Parameters in Heal...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2021; 11(6); 1748; doi: 10.3390/ani11061748

Measurement of Selected Renal Biochemical Parameters in Healthy Adult Donkeys Considering the Influence of Gender, Age and Blood Freezing.

Abstract: The reference values of the serum and urine biochemical parameters have not been well-studied in donkeys. This study aimed to assess the normal values of the selected renal biomarkers, such as: serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin, total protein (TP), electrolytes and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), urine protein concentration (UPC), urine protein/creatinine ratio (UPCR), the urine gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGTP)-to-creatinine ratio, serum creatinine-to-urine creatinine ratio (sCr/uCr), serum BUN-to-serum creatinine ratio (sBUN/sCr) and UPC-to-TP ratio, as well as the fractional electrolyte excretion of sodium (FENa) and potassium (FEK) in donkeys. The effects of age, gender and deep freezing of the serum material were investigated. Sixty-five healthy adult donkeys were involved in this study. The results showed higher BUN and TP values and lower albumin, UPCR, FENa and FEK levels in donkeys when compared to the reference values in horses. A significant gender relationship for creatinine and BUN was found. Age influenced the values of albumin, TP, potassium and chlorine. Potassium, sodium and SDMA did not show significant concentration changes after freezing. The study results demonstrated that horse reference range values for some parameters cannot be applied to donkey samples. Only a few of the serum parameters were not affected by freezing, and this should be taken into account when storing biological materials.
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Publication Date: 2021-06-11 PubMed ID: 34208098PubMed Central: PMC8230895DOI: 10.3390/ani11061748Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study is aimed at determining the normal levels of selected renal markers in donkeys and investigates the impacts of age, gender and deep freezing of the serum samples. The study found that certain reference values seen in horses cannot be directly applied to donkeys and that only a few serum parameters were unaffected by freezing storage conditions.

Study Objectives

The primary objective of the study was:

  • To assess the normal values of selected kidney function markers in donkeys.

Factors being studied included:

  • Impact of age and gender on these markers.
  • Effect of deep freezing of the serum samples on the markers.

Methodology of the Study

  • The study was conducted on 65 healthy adult donkeys.
  • The kidney function markers studied were: serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin, total protein, electrolytes and symmetric dimethylarginine, among others.
  • The impact of age, gender of the subject and deep freezing of the serum samples on these markers was evaluated.

Findings of the Study

  • Donkeys displayed higher BUN and Total Protein and lower Albumin, UPCR, FENa and FEK compared to the reference values for horses.
  • A significant relationship between gender and the levels of Creatinine and BUN was noticed.
  • The subject age influenced the levels of Albumin, Total Protein, Potassium and Chlorine.
  • The levels of Potassium, Sodium and SDMA showed no significant change after freezing.

Implications of the Study

  • The study demonstrates that some reference range values for renal markers in horses cannot be directly applied to donkeys.
  • Only a few parameters remained unchanged after freezing, indicating the need for caution when storing biological materials for testing.

Cite This Article

APA
Frączkowska K, Trzebuniak Z, Żak A, Siwińska N. (2021). Measurement of Selected Renal Biochemical Parameters in Healthy Adult Donkeys Considering the Influence of Gender, Age and Blood Freezing. Animals (Basel), 11(6), 1748. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061748

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 6
PII: 1748

Researcher Affiliations

Frączkowska, Kaja
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
Trzebuniak, Zuzanna
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
Żak, Agnieszka
  • Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
Siwińska, Natalia
  • Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Brans M, Marynissen S, Mortier F, Duchateau L, Daminet S, Paepe D. Effect of storage temperature and time on measurement of serum symmetric dimethylarginine concentration using point-of-care and commercial laboratory analyzers in cats and dogs.. J Vet Intern Med 2023 Sep-Oct;37(5):1794-1805.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.16811pubmed: 37565515google scholar: lookup
  2. Galen GV, Olsen E, Siwinska N. Biomarkers of Kidney Disease in Horses: A Review of the Current Literature.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Oct 5;12(19).
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