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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / Measurement of Trace Elements (Zinc, Copper, Magnesium, and ...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2024; 14(12); doi: 10.3390/ani14121724

Measurement of Trace Elements (Zinc, Copper, Magnesium, and Iron) in the Saliva of Horses: Validation Data and Changes in Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS).

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible use of spectrophotometric assays for the measurement of trace elements, including Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) in the saliva of horses and study their possible changes in equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS). EGUS is a highly prevalent disease, with a current high incidence due to the increase in intensive management conditions. There are two EGUS diseases: equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) and equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD), which can appear individually or together. For this purpose, automated spectrophotometric assays for measuring these analytes in horse saliva were analytically validated. Then, these analytes were measured in the saliva of horses with only ESGD, only EGGD, both ESGD and EGGD and a group of healthy horses. The methods used to measure the analytes were precise and accurate. Horses diagnosed with EGGD presented significantly lower levels of Zn and Mg. Fe concentrations were significantly lower in the saliva of horses with ESGD and EGGD. Overall, these results indicate that there are changes in trace elements in saliva in EGUS that could reflect the physiopathological mechanisms involved in this process and open the possibility of using trace elements as biomarkers of this syndrome.
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Publication Date: 2024-06-07 PubMed ID: 38929343PubMed Central: PMC11201168DOI: 10.3390/ani14121724Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigated the prospects of utilizing spectrophotometric assays to measure trace elements, notably Zinc, Copper, Magnesium, and Iron, in horse saliva as potential indicators of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS). The study determined that variations in these elements’ concentrations could be linked to the disease’s physiological mechanisms, suggesting their potential as biomarkers.

Objective of the Research

  • The research aimed to explore the use of spectrophotometric assays as tools to measure the concentrations of specific trace elements, namely, Zinc, Copper, Magnesium, and Iron, in horse saliva.
  • It also aimed to establish whether any changes in the concentrations of these elements could be associated with equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS), a common disease in horses primarily due to increasing intensive management conditions.

Methodology

  • The researchers validated automated spectrophotometric assays, which were then used to measure the concentrations of the trace elements in the saliva of various groups of horses.
  • These groups included horses suffering only from equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD), those suffering only from equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD), those suffering from both, and a group of healthy horses serving as a control group.
  • The methods used in the study provided accurate and precise results regarding the concentrations of the trace elements in the different groups of horses.

Findings

  • The concentration of Zinc and Magnesium in horses suffering from EGGD were found to be notably lower compared to the control group.
  • Iron levels were significantly reduced in horses diagnosed with either ESGD or EGGD.
  • Such changes in the concentrations of these trace elements in the saliva of horses suggest that they could be reflective of the physiological alterations caused by EGUS.
  • The findings suggest that these trace elements might have potential as biomarkers for EGUS, providing a non-invasive method for early detection and monitoring of the disease.

Cite This Article

APA
Muñoz-Prieto A, Cerón JJ, Tecles F, Cuervo MM, Contreras-Aguilar MD, Ayala I, Oí«š-Guillén A, Pardo-Marín L, Hansen S. (2024). Measurement of Trace Elements (Zinc, Copper, Magnesium, and Iron) in the Saliva of Horses: Validation Data and Changes in Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS). Animals (Basel), 14(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14121724

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 12

Researcher Affiliations

Muñoz-Prieto, Alberto
  • Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Cerón, José Joaquín
  • Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Tecles, Fernando
  • Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Cuervo, María Martín
  • Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Extremadura, Avda de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
Contreras-Aguilar, Maria Dolores
  • Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Ayala, Ignacio
  • Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Oí«š-Guillén, Adrián
  • Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Pardo-Marín, Luis
  • Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Hansen, Sanni
  • Section Medicine and Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Agrovej 8, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark.

Grant Funding

  • RYC2021-033660-I / MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 y Unión Europea NextGenerationEU/PRTR

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

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