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Home / Equine Research Bank / Nat Rev Cancer / Mechanisms of cancer resistance in long-lived mammals.
Nature reviews. Cancer2018; 18(7); 433-441; doi: 10.1038/s41568-018-0004-9

Mechanisms of cancer resistance in long-lived mammals.

Abstract: Cancer researchers have traditionally used the mouse and the rat as staple model organisms. These animals are very short-lived, reproduce rapidly and are highly prone to cancer. They have been very useful for modelling some human cancer types and testing experimental treatments; however, these cancer-prone species offer little for understanding the mechanisms of cancer resistance. Recent technological advances have expanded bestiary research to non-standard model organisms that possess unique traits of very high value to humans, such as cancer resistance and longevity. In recent years, several discoveries have been made in non-standard mammalian species, providing new insights on the natural mechanisms of cancer resistance. These include mechanisms of cancer resistance in the naked mole rat, blind mole rat and elephant. In each of these species, evolution took a different path, leading to novel mechanisms. Many other long-lived mammalian species display cancer resistance, including whales, grey squirrels, microbats, cows and horses. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of cancer resistance in all these species is important and timely, as, ultimately, these mechanisms could be harnessed for the development of human cancer therapies.
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Publication Date: 2018-04-07 PubMed ID: 29622806PubMed Central: PMC6015544DOI: 10.1038/s41568-018-0004-9Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research explores mechanisms of cancer resistance in long-lived mammals such as the naked mole rat, blind mole rat, elephant, whales, grey squirrels, microbats, cows, and horses. The findings can contribute to the development of human cancer therapies.

Overview of the Research

  • The study addresses an issue in cancer research — using animals like rats and mice, that are prone to cancer, as model organisms is useful for testing treatments, but not for gaining insights on how to resist or prevent cancer.
  • Recent technological advances have allowed researchers to study non-standard mammalian species that exhibit resistance to cancer, creating an opportunity to learn and borrow techniques from these species for humans.

Discoveries

  • Research on non-standard mammalian species such as the naked mole rat, blind mole rat, and elephants has opened up new findings on natural resistance to cancer.
  • Each mentioned species has evolved uniquely, developing their own methods of resisting cancer.
  • Other long-lived species like whales, grey squirrels, microbats, cows, and horses also exhibit cancer resistance, opening up multiple lines of inquiry for understanding these mechanisms.

Implications and Next Steps

  • Understanding these molecular mechanisms of cancer resistance in multiple species is essential.
  • Findings from these studies are not just of academic interest – they have real, practical applications, as they could be applied to develop therapies to treat cancer in humans.
  • While the study does not specifically state it, the next reasonable steps would be to carry out detailed studies on these mechanisms, followed by lab and, eventually, clinical trials to test how effective these natural methods of cancer resistance can be when applied to humans.

Cite This Article

APA
Seluanov A, Gladyshev VN, Vijg J, Gorbunova V. (2018). Mechanisms of cancer resistance in long-lived mammals. Nat Rev Cancer, 18(7), 433-441. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41568-018-0004-9

Publication

Nature reviews. Cancer
ISSN: 1474-1768
NlmUniqueID: 101124168
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 18
Issue: 7
Pages: 433-441

Researcher Affiliations

Seluanov, Andrei
  • University of Rochester, Department of Biology, Rochester, NY, USA.
Gladyshev, Vadim N
  • Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Vijg, Jan
  • Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
Gorbunova, Vera
  • University of Rochester, Department of Biology, Rochester, NY, USA. vera.gorbunova@rochester.edu.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Body Size
  • Cattle
  • Chiroptera
  • Disease Resistance / genetics
  • Disease Resistance / physiology
  • Elephants
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • Longevity
  • Mammals
  • Mice
  • Mole Rats
  • Mutation
  • Mutation Rate
  • Neoplasms / genetics
  • Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Rats
  • Sciuridae
  • Whales

Grant Funding

  • R01 AG031227 / NIA NIH HHS
  • P01 AG047200 / NIA NIH HHS
  • R37 GM065204 / NIGMS NIH HHS
  • R03 AG052365 / NIA NIH HHS
  • R01 AG027237 / NIA NIH HHS
  • DP1 AG047745 / NIA NIH HHS

Conflict of Interest Statement

. The authors declare no competing interests.

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