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Mesenchymal stem cell licensing: enhancing MSC function as a translational approach for the treatment of tendon injury.
Abstract: Tendon injuries are common in both veterinary and human clinical patients and result in morbidity, pain, and lost athletic performance. Consequently, utilizing naturally occurring injuries in veterinary patients as a comparative model could inform the development of novel therapies and increase translation for the treatment of human tendon injuries. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown considerable efficacy for the treatment of experimental and clinical superficial digital flexor tendon injury in the horse; however, the reinjury rate following treatment can remain high and MSC efficacy in treating other tendons is less well known. Additionally, the translation of MSC therapy to human tendon injury has remained poor. Recent evidence indicates that naïve MSC function can be enhanced through exogenous stimulation or manipulation of their environment. This stimulation or activation, herein termed MSC licensing, markedly alters MSC functions associated with immunomodulation, extracellular matrix remodeling, vascular development, bioactive factor production, and endogenous stromal/progenitor cell support. Additionally, a variety of licensing strategies has proven to influence MSC-secreted factors that have positively influenced outcome parameters in both in vitro and in vivo disease models separate from musculoskeletal tissues. Therefore, identifying the optimal licensing strategy for MSCs could ultimately provide an avenue for reliable and repeatable treatment of a broad range of tendon injuries of both veterinary and human clinical patients. This article details current evidence on the effects of licensed MSCs in both in vitro and in vivo disease models of different species and provides commentary on how those effector functions identified may be translated to the treatment of tendon injuries.
Publication Date: 2023-09-06 PubMed ID: 37669745DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.23.07.0154Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
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This research paper discusses the potential of enhancing the function of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to create more efficient treatment for tendon injuries, which are common and often lead to significant pain and loss of performance in both people and animals. The paper also addresses the need to improve MSC treatments’ translatability to humans from veterinary patients, and explores the strategy of “licensing” MSCs to improve their functionality.
Introduction to Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Tendon Injuries
- The paper acknowledges the commonality of tendon injuries in both veterinary and human patients, causing pain, morbidity, and loss of athletic performance.
- Despite the demonstrated effectiveness of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) in treating superficial digital flexor tendon injury in horses, reinjury rates remain high, and the treatment’s efficacy in other tendons is unclear.
- Furthermore, the paper outlines that the success of MSC therapy in treating human tendon injury has been poor.
Enhancing MSC Function
- Recent studies suggest that the inherent function of MSCs can be boosted through either external stimulation or manipulation of their environment, a process referred to in the paper as “MSC licensing”.
- MSC licensing notably alters various MSC functions, including immunomodulation, extracellular matrix remodelling, bioactive factor production, vascular development, and support of endogenous stromal/progenitor cells.
Benefits of MSC Licensing
- The document reports that multiple licensing strategies have resulted in influencing the factors secreted by MSCs, which has led to positive results in both in vitro and in vivo disease models, unrelated to musculoskeletal tissues.
- The research suggests the potential in identifying the best licensing strategy for MSCs that could provide a reliable and repeatable treatment for various tendon injuries in both veterinary and human patients.
Translating the Research
- The article provides a comprehensive review of the existing evidence on the impact of licensed MSCs in both in vitro and in vivo disease models across various species.
- It offers insight into how the identified effector functions might be translated to the treatment of tendon injuries.
Cite This Article
APA
Koch DW, Schnabel LV.
(2023).
Mesenchymal stem cell licensing: enhancing MSC function as a translational approach for the treatment of tendon injury.
Am J Vet Res, 1-8.
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.23.07.0154 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
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