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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Appl Physiol (1985) / Metabolic response to maximal exercise of 800 and 2,000 m in...
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)1987; 63(1); 12-19; doi: 10.1152/jappl.1987.63.1.12

Metabolic response to maximal exercise of 800 and 2,000 m in the thoroughbred horse.

Abstract: To define the metabolic response to maximal exercise in the thoroughbred horse under field conditions, muscle biopsies and venous blood samples were taken from five horses after a single 800-m gallop and from four horses after a single 2,000-m gallop. Muscle and blood samples were also collected during 60 min of recovery. After exercise muscle ATP contents were decreased by 30 +/- 7 (SD) and 47 +/- 3% after the 800- and 2,000-m gallops, respectively. As indicators of purine catabolism, ammonia and uric acid increased in plasma, the accumulation being greater after the 2,000-m gallop. Blood ammonia peaked immediately after exercise and uric acid after 40-60 min of recovery. Muscle glycogen utilization over the 800- and 2,000-m gallops averaged 2.68 +/- 0.90 and 1.06 +/- 0.12 mmol glucosyl units.kg dry muscle-1.s-1, respectively, and the total used amounted to 27.3 +/- 6.6 and 32.5 +/- 8.8% of the initial store. Muscle lactate accumulation averaged 123.5 +/- 49.7 and 167.3 +/- 20.7 mmol/kg dry muscle, respectively, and declined during recovery with half times of 22.9 +/- 4.2 and 18.9 +/- 6.6 min. Blood lactate peaked 5-10 min after exercise. Exercise resulted in only a small increase in muscle glycerol content, but this continued to rise during recovery reaching 9-12 mmol/kg dry muscle after 20 min. During this time the increase in muscle glycerol content exactly matched the decline in glycerol 3-phosphate.
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Publication Date: 1987-07-01 PubMed ID: 3624119DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1987.63.1.12Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research article investigates the metabolic response of thoroughbred horses during maximal exercise under field conditions. The study involved tracking reactions post 800-m and 2000-m gallops, with muscle biopsies and blood samples collected during and after exercise.

Study Methodology

  • The researchers performed muscle biopsies and venous blood sampling on five horses after an 800-meter gallop and on four horses after a 2,000-meter gallop.
  • Additional muscle and blood samples were collected during the recovery period of 60 minutes post-exercise.

Key Findings

  • There was a decrease in muscle ATP (a form of energy) by 30 +/- 7% and 47 +/- 3% after the 800-meter and 2000-meter gallops respectively.
  • Levels of ammonia and uric acid, indicators of purine catabolism (the breakdown of proteins), showed an increase in the plasma, with greater accumulation observed after the 2,000-meter exercise streak.
  • Blood ammonia levels peaked immediately after the exercise, while uric acid accumulation peaked during the recovery period (40-60 minutes after cessation of exercise).

Metabolic Reactions

  • A higher utilization of muscle glycogen was observed after both the 800-m and 2000-m gallops (averaging at 2.68 +/- 0.90 mmol and 1.06 +/- 0.12 mmol of glucosyl units per kg of dry muscle per second, respectively).
  • The total muscle glycogen used accounted for 27.3 +/- 6.6% and 32.5 +/- 8.8% of initial stores in relation to the 800-m and 2000-m gallops, respectively.
  • Muscle lactate accumulation was also noted to increase (averaging at 123.5 +/- 49.7 mmol/kg and 167.3 +/- 20.7 mmol/kg of dry muscle post 800-m and 2000-m exercises). Lactate levels then declined during the recovery period.
  • Despite the exercise, only a minor surge was observed in muscle glycerol content, however, it continued to rise during the recovery period.
  • During this recovery time, the increase in muscle glycerol was directly correlated with the decrease in the glycerol-3-phosphate levels.

Cite This Article

APA
Harris RC, Marlin DJ, Snow DH. (1987). Metabolic response to maximal exercise of 800 and 2,000 m in the thoroughbred horse. J Appl Physiol (1985), 63(1), 12-19. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.63.1.12

Publication

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
ISSN: 8750-7587
NlmUniqueID: 8502536
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 63
Issue: 1
Pages: 12-19

Researcher Affiliations

Harris, R C
    Marlin, D J
      Snow, D H

        MeSH Terms

        • Adenine Nucleotides / metabolism
        • Ammonia / metabolism
        • Animals
        • Energy Metabolism
        • Female
        • Glycerol / metabolism
        • Glycerophosphates / metabolism
        • Horses / physiology
        • Lactates / metabolism
        • Male
        • Muscles / metabolism
        • Orchiectomy
        • Physical Exertion

        Citations

        This article has been cited 15 times.
        1. Wang W, Mukai K, Takahashi K, Ohmura H, Takahashi T, Hatta H, Kitaoka Y. Short-term hypoxic training increases monocarboxylate transporter 4 and phosphofructokinase activity in Thoroughbreds. Physiol Rep 2020 Jun;8(11):e14473.
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        2. Yamazaki M, Kusano K, Ishibashi T, Kiuchi M, Koyama K. Intravenous infusion of H2-saline suppresses oxidative stress and elevates antioxidant potential in Thoroughbred horses after racing exercise. Sci Rep 2015 Oct 23;5:15514.
          doi: 10.1038/srep15514pubmed: 26493164google scholar: lookup
        3. Evans D, McGreevy P. An investigation of racing performance and whip use by jockeys in thoroughbred races. PLoS One 2011 Jan 27;6(1):e15622.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015622pubmed: 21283587google scholar: lookup
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          doi: 10.1007/s00421-010-1673-6pubmed: 20931219google scholar: lookup
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          doi: 10.1007/s12576-010-0101-3pubmed: 20596842google scholar: lookup
        6. Muñoz A, Santisteban R, Rubio MD, Riber C, Agüera EI, Castejón FM. Locomotor response to exercise in relation to plasma lactate accumulation and heart rate in Andalusian and Anglo-Arabian horses. Vet Res Commun 1999 Oct;23(6):369-84.
          doi: 10.1023/a:1006337708920pubmed: 10543366google scholar: lookup
        7. Sewell DA, Gleeson M, Blannin AK. Hyperammonaemia in relation to high-intensity exercise duration in man. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1994;69(4):350-4.
          doi: 10.1007/BF00392042pubmed: 7851372google scholar: lookup
        8. Harris RC, Foster CV. Changes in muscle free carnitine and acetylcarnitine with increasing work intensity in the Thoroughbred horse. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1990;60(2):81-5.
          doi: 10.1007/BF00846025pubmed: 2335175google scholar: lookup
        9. Gollnick PD, Bertocci LA, Kelso TB, Witt EH, Hodgson DR. The effect of high-intensity exercise on the respiratory capacity of skeletal muscle. Pflugers Arch 1990 Jan;415(4):407-13.
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        10. Essén-Gustavsson B, Tesch PA. Glycogen and triglyceride utilization in relation to muscle metabolic characteristics in men performing heavy-resistance exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1990;61(1-2):5-10.
          doi: 10.1007/BF00236686pubmed: 2289498google scholar: lookup
        11. Harris RC, Marlin DJ, Snow DH, Harkness RA. Muscle ATP loss and lactate accumulation at different work intensities in the exercising Thoroughbred horse. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1991;62(4):235-44.
          doi: 10.1007/BF00571546pubmed: 2044532google scholar: lookup
        12. Greenhaff PL, Leiper JB, Ball D, Maughan RJ. The influence of dietary manipulation on plasma ammonia accumulation during incremental exercise in man. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1991;63(5):338-44.
          doi: 10.1007/BF00364459pubmed: 1773809google scholar: lookup
        13. Greenhaff PL, Harris RC, Snow DH, Sewell DA, Dunnett M. The influence of metabolic alkalosis upon exercise metabolism in the thoroughbred horse. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1991;63(2):129-34.
          doi: 10.1007/BF00235182pubmed: 1748103google scholar: lookup
        14. Sewell DA, Harris RC. Adenine nucleotide degradation in the thoroughbred horse with increasing exercise duration. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1992;65(3):271-7.
          doi: 10.1007/BF00705093pubmed: 1396658google scholar: lookup
        15. Castiglione GM, Chen X, Xu Z, Dbouk NH, Bose AA, Carmona-Berrio D, Chi EE, Zhou L, Boronina TN, Cole RN, Wu S, Liu AD, Liu TD, Lu H, Kalbfleisch T, Rinker D, Rokas A, Ortved K, Duh EJ. Running a genetic stop sign accelerates oxygen metabolism and energy production in horses. Science 2025 Mar 28;387(6741):eadr8589.
          doi: 10.1126/science.adr8589pubmed: 40146832google scholar: lookup
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