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Frontiers in veterinary science2024; 11; 1425089; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1425089

Metabolomic analysis of the impact of red ginseng on equine physiology.

Abstract: Red ginseng (RG), a traditional herbal remedy, has garnered attention owing to its diverse health benefits resulting from its complex composition. However, extensive research is needed to substantiate the efficacy of RG and understand the underlying mechanisms supporting these benefits. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers and investigate the impact of RG on related metabolic pathways in horse plasma using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics. Unassigned: Ten horses were divided into control and RG groups, with the latter administered RG at a dose of 600 mg⋅kg⋅day for 3 weeks. Subsequently, the plasma samples were collected and analyzed using LC-MS. Multivariate statistical analysis, volcano plots, and feature-based molecular networking were employed. Unassigned: The analysis identified 16 metabolites that substantially decreased and 21 metabolites that substantially increased following RG consumption. Among the identified metabolites were oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, and ginsenoside Rb1, which are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as lipid species that influence sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Additionally, potential biomarkers, including major RG components, demonstrated distinct group clustering in principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis, indicating their utility in assessing the physiological effects of RG consumption. Unassigned: This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the effects of RG on health.
Copyright © 2024 Kwak, Yoo and Yoon.
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Publication Date: 2024-09-30 PubMed ID: 39403214PubMed Central: PMC11471734DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1425089Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates the effects of red ginseng on horse physiology by studying the changes in metabolites using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, hoping to discover potential biomarkers and understand its impact on metabolic pathways.

Research Objective

  • The main aim of this research was to investigate the effect of red ginseng (RG) on horse physiology, with a focus on understanding any changes in metabolic pathways.
  • By identifying potential biomarkers, the study sought to evaluate the health benefits of red ginseng and improve the understanding of its impacts on health. This understanding may be useful in developing effective therapeutic strategies using RG.

Methodology

  • The researchers divided ten horses into two groups: a control group and a group administered with 600 mg/kg/day of RG for 3 weeks.
  • After the treatment period, plasma samples were obtained from the horses and analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for metabolomic analysis.
  • The researchers employed multivariate statistical analysis, volcano plots, and feature-based molecular networking to identify changes in metabolites following RG consumption.

Findings

  • The analysis identified substantial changes in 37 metabolites after the consumption of RG – 16 decreased and 21 increased.
  • Among these metabolites were oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, and ginsenoside Rb1 — substances known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as lipid species influencing the metabolism of sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid.
  • This research also identified potential biomarkers, including major RG components, that demonstrated distinct group clustering in principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis. These findings suggest that these biomarkers could be utilized to evaluate the physiological effects of RG consumption.

Conclusion

  • This study provides a comprehensive understanding of how red ginseng impacts health and physiology by analyzing changes in metabolites.
  • The findings could be significant in further research into the efficacy of RG and its potential applications in medicine and health.

Cite This Article

APA
Kwak YB, Stambler I, Yoo HH, Yoon J. (2024). Metabolomic analysis of the impact of red ginseng on equine physiology. Front Vet Sci, 11, 1425089. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1425089

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Pages: 1425089
PII: 1425089

Researcher Affiliations

Kwak, Young Beom
  • Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Republic of Korea.
Stambler, Ilia
  • Department of Science, Technology and Society, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
Yoo, Hye Hyun
  • Pharmacomicrobiomics Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea.
Yoon, Jungho
  • Equine Clinic, Jeju Stud Farm, Korea Racing Authority, Jeju-si, Jeju, Republic of Korea.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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