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Frontiers in veterinary science2021; 8; 708512; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.708512

Metagenomic Analysis of Fecal Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryota, and Virus in Przewalski’s Horses Following Anthelmintic Treatment.

Abstract: Intestinal microbiota is involved in immune response and metabolism of the host. The frequent use of anthelmintic compounds for parasite expulsion causes disturbance to the equine intestinal microbiota. However, most studies were on the effects of such treatment on the intestinal bacterial microbes; none is on the entire microbial community including archaea and eukaryotic and viral community in equine animals. This study is the first to explore the differences of the microbial community composition and structure in Przewalski's horses prior to and following anthelmintic treatment, and to determine the corresponding changes of their functional attributes based on metagenomic sequencing. Results showed that in archaea, the methanogen of was the dominant phylum. Under this phylum, anthelmintic treatment increased the genus and decreased the genus and two other dominant archaea species, and . In bacteria, and were the dominant phyla. Anthelmintic treatment increased the genera of and and decreased those of and and dominant bacteria species. These altered genera were associated with immunity and digestion. In eukaryota, anthelmintic treatment also changed the genera related to digestion and substantially decreased the relative abundances of identified species. In virus, anthelmintic treatment increased the genus of unclassified_d__ and decreased those of unclassified_f__ and unclassified_f__. Most of the identified viral species were classified into phage, which were more sensitive to anthelmintic treatment than other viruses. Furthermore, anthelmintic treatment was found to increase the number of pathogens related to some clinical diseases in horses. The COG and KEGG function analysis showed that the intestinal microbiota of Przewalski's horse mainly participated in the carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. The anthelmintic treatment did not change their overall function; however, it displaced the population of the functional microbes involved in each function or pathway. These results provide a complete view on the changes caused by anthelmintic treatment in the intestinal microbiota of the Przewalski's horses.
Copyright © 2021 Hu, Yang, Qi, Li, Li and Mok.
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Publication Date: 2021-08-18 PubMed ID: 34490397PubMed Central: PMC8416479DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.708512Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses impacts of anthelmintic treatment on the diversity and composition of microbial communities in the guts of Przewalski’s horses. The researchers used metagenomic sequencing to assess these effects, discovering that the treatment alters the microbial balance, potentially affecting the horse’s immunity and digestion, and increasing the presence of pathogens related to certain diseases.

Objective and Approach

  • This research aimed to understand how anthelmintic treatment, often used to expel parasites from horses, impacts the creatures’ intestinal microbiota. They noted that while previous research had observed the effects of this treatment on equine bacterial microbes, no research had been conducted on the impact to other components of the microbial community, such as archaea, eukarya, or viruses.
  • The researchers used a method known as metagenomic sequencing, which allows for comprehensive analysis of the various microbes in a sample.
  • This approach meant they could compare and contrast the microbial community structure and composition before and after anthelmintic treatment.

Key Findings

  • The treatment’s impact varied across the different microbes. Findings include increased amounts of certain archaeal and bacterial genera, and decreases in others. Changes in microbial populations were linked to the host’s immune response and digestion.
  • The research also found that the treatment led to significant decreases in the relative abundance of identified species in the eukaryotic microbial community.
  • Similarly, the treatment led to changes in the viral community, but it was discovered that phages (viruses that infect bacteria) were more sensitive to the anthelmintic treatment than other viruses.
  • In addition, the study identified an increase in the number of pathogens related to specific equine clinical diseases after treatment.
  • Despite these changes to the microbiota’s composition and structure, the authors found that the microbiota’s overall function remained stable. That said, the change in microbial population did displace the functional microbes involved in each function or metabolic pathway.

Conclusions and Significance

  • The study offers a comprehensive view of how anthelmintic treatment alters the intestinal microbiota of Przewalski’s horses, noting changes not just in bacterial populations but also within archaea, eukarya, and viruses.
  • These findings can help inform decisions around the use of these treatments, weighing up the need for parasite removal against potential disruptions to the host’s microbiota and related impacts on their health.

Cite This Article

APA
Hu D, Yang J, Qi Y, Li B, Li K, Mok KM. (2021). Metagenomic Analysis of Fecal Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryota, and Virus in Przewalski’s Horses Following Anthelmintic Treatment. Front Vet Sci, 8, 708512. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.708512

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 8
Pages: 708512
PII: 708512

Researcher Affiliations

Hu, Dini
  • School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
Yang, Jianming
  • Xinjiang Research Centre for Breeding Przewalski's Horse, Urumqi, China.
Qi, Yingjie
  • Xinjiang Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve Management Center, Changji, China.
Li, Boling
  • China National Environment Monitoring Centre, Beijing, China.
Li, Kai
  • School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
Mok, Kai Meng
  • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Macau, Macao, China.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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