[Methodical investigation of mineral and trace element concentrations in equine feces with special consideration of the sampling location].
Abstract: Objective measurements of the mineral supply in horses are rarely performed. As a result, incorrect elements or an improper amount of elements are provided. The analysis of feces could represent a novel method to evaluate the nutritive supply. The prerequisite is a knowledge of methodological factors influencing the mineral concentration in the fecal samples. Within the scope of this investigation, the effects of different kinds of mineral supply and the influence of the sampling location on the concentration of minerals in equine feces samples were analyzed. Additionally, the methodical error of the measurement procedure was estimated. Methods: Six minerals and 22 trace elements in 30 fecal samples of 5 warmbloods, 3 haflinger horses and 2 ponies with differing mineral supplementation (none, calculated amount, mineral lick mass for free intake) were investigated. The samples derived from 3 locations (cranial rectum, ampulla recti and dung heaps) were dried and analyzed using ICP-OES and ICP-MS. Besides a descriptive data analysis, the effects of the fixed factors sampling location and mineral supplementation as well as repeatability and the relative error of the method were assessed. Results: The element concentrations were not influenced by the sampling location, while they varied significantly depending on the type of mineral supplementation. The repeatability of analysis was high with an average measure of certainty of 0.949 (0.894-0.978) and an average median relative error of 0.18 (0.01-0.86). Conclusions: The study outlines a methodological framework for the determination of mineral and trace element concentrations in equine feces. The location of fecal sampling did not affect the results, therefore, preference may be given to noninvasive sample collection from a fecal pile. Furthermore, as the types of mineral supplementation result in significantly differing fecal element concentrations, varying concentrations in feces allow for conclusions concerning the amount of mineral intake of the individual horse. Unassigned: Eine objektive Kontrolle der Mineralstoffversorgung erfolgt bei Pferden in der Praxis nur selten, was eine fehlerhafte Supplementierung zur Folge haben kann. Durch Beurteilung der nutritiven Versorgungslage über die Kotanalyse ließe sich diese diagnostische Lücke schließen. Voraussetzung ist die Kenntnis methodischer Einflussfaktoren auf die Mineralstoffkonzentration in den Kotproben. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden der Einfluss des Kotprobenentnahmeorts und die Art der Mineralstoffergänzung auf die Konzentration von Mengen- und Spurenelementen in Pferdekotproben evaluiert sowie der methodische Fehler der Gesamtmethode geschätzt. Methods: Untersucht wurden die Konzentrationen von 6 Mengen- und 22 Spurenelementen in 30 Kotproben von 5 Warmblütern, 3 Haflingern und 2 Ponys, deren Mineralstoffergänzung differierte (keine Supplementierung, berechnete Menge, Mineralleckmasse zur freien Aufnahme). Die an 3 Lokalisationen (kraniales Rektum, Ampulla recti, Kothaufen) gewonnenen Kotproben wurden getrocknet und mittels ICP-OES und ICP-MS analysiert. Neben der deskriptiven Beschreibung des Datensatzes wurden die Effekte der fixen Faktoren Probenentnahmeort und Mineralstoffergänzung auf die Konzentrationen der Elemente im Kot sowie die Wiederholbarkeit und der relative Fehler der Untersuchungsmethode ausgewertet. Unassigned: Der Entnahmeort der Kotproben hatte keinen Einfluss auf die Konzentration der einzelnen Elemente. Die Art der Mineralstoffsupplementierung spiegelte sich signifikant und differenziert in den Konzentrationen der Elemente im Kot wider. Die Wiederholbarkeit der Analyseergebnisse war mit einem mittleren Bestimmtheitsmaß von 0,949 (0,894–0,978) und einem mittleren Median für den relativen Fehler von 0,18 (0,01–0,86) hoch. Unassigned: In der Studie werden die ersten methodischen Randbedingungen zur Bestimmung der Konzentration von Mengen- und Spurenelementen in Pferdekotproben dargestellt. Die Lokalisation der Kotprobenentnahme beeinflusste die Resultate nicht, somit könnte der am wenigsten invasiven Probengewinnung aus einem Kothaufen der Vorzug gegeben werden. Da sich die Art der Mineralstoffergänzung in signifikant unterschiedlichen Elementkonzentrationen in den Kotproben widerspiegelt, kann anhand der Kotprobenkonzentration auf eine unterschiedlich hohe Mineralstoffaufnahme geschlossen werden.
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Publication Date: 2021-06-22 PubMed ID: 34157747DOI: 10.1055/a-1482-7379Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research is about methodical investigation of mineral and trace element concentrations in horse feces with special consideration given to the sampling location. The paper says that the examination of feces can provide a new method to assess nutritional supply given to horses. Different factors affect the mineral concentration in the fecal samples and these were studied in this investigation.
Methods
- The study tested the mineral content in 30 feces samples from 5 warmblood horses, 3 haflinger horses, and 2 ponies.
- The research team analyzed six minerals and 22 trace elements in these samples.
- The horses involved in the study were given differing mineral supplements – no supplementation, a calculated amount, and a free intake of mineral lick mass.
- The feces samples were taken from three different locations – cranial rectum, ampulla recti, and dung heaps.
- These samples were then dried and assessed using ICP-OES and ICP-MS methodologies.
- The analysis included descriptive data analysis, fix factor effects of sampling location and mineral supplements, as well as the precision and relative error of the method.
Results
- The study found that the location from where the feces samples were taken, whether it was the cranial rectum, ampulla recti, or dung heap, did not impact the mineral content of the samples.
- However, the type of mineral supplementation given to the horses was found to significantly alter the results, underlining the importance of appropriate mineral supplementation in a horse’s diet.
- The repeatability of the study’s analysis method was high, suggesting that the procedure can be reliably used for future investigations.
Conclusions
- The research presents a new methodological framework for determining the mineral and trace element concentrations in horse feces.
- The choice of location for fecal sampling does not impact the element concentrations found in the samples. Thus, non-invasive sampling from a fecal heap might be preferred.
- Variation in the mineral and trace element concentrations in feces can provide insight into the mineral intake of individual horses.
- Therefore, proper supplementation is essential to ensure the health and well-being of horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Staufenbiel L, Müller AE, Gehlen H.
(2021).
[Methodical investigation of mineral and trace element concentrations in equine feces with special consideration of the sampling location].
Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere, 49(3), 178-188.
https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1482-7379 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Klinik für Pferde, Freie Universität Berlin.
- Vet Med Labor GmbH, IDEXX Laboratories.
- Klinik für Pferde, Freie Universität Berlin.
MeSH Terms
- Animal Feed / analysis
- Animals
- Feces
- Horses
- Minerals
- Nutritional Status
- Trace Elements
Conflict of Interest Statement
Die Autoren bestätigen, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
Citations
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