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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) Supplementation in Adult Horses ...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2025; 15(2); 215; doi: 10.3390/ani15020215

Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) Supplementation in Adult Horses Supports Improved Skeletal Muscle Inflammatory Gene Expression Following Exercise.

Abstract: Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a sulfur-containing molecule with reported anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Exercise causes the formation of free radicals and stimulates inflammatory gene expression in leukocytes and skeletal muscle. The hypothesis that dietary supplementation with MSM alters the exercise-mediated inflammatory and oxidant response was assessed in unfit adult thoroughbred geldings. Ten geldings (6.7 ± 1.6 yr) were assigned to a diet supplemented without (CON, = 5) or with 21 g of MSM ( = 5) for 30 days. Following the supplementation period, horses performed a standardized exercise test (SET) with blood collections before (t = 0), 10 min, 1 h, 4 h, and 24 h post-SET. Skeletal muscle biopsies were retrieved from the middle gluteus before and 1 h post-SET for total RNA isolation. All horses were rested for 120 days before the experiment was repeated in a cross-over design. Plasma total antioxidant capacity was unaffected ( > 0.05) by either exercise or MSM. Plasma glutathione peroxidase activity was less ( 0.05) by either exercise or diet. Transcriptomic analysis of skeletal muscle revealed 35 genes were differentially expressed (DEG; 0.2; q < 0.05) by comparison to the CON (237), with many of these mapping to the immune response (71) and cytokine signal transduction (60) pathways. These results suggest supplementation of MSM as a dietary aid for improved anti-inflammatory responses in skeletal muscle following exercise.
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Publication Date: 2025-01-14 PubMed ID: 39858215PubMed Central: PMC11758608DOI: 10.3390/ani15020215Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research suggests that dietary supplementation with Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) might enhance anti-inflammatory responses in skeletal muscle following exercise in adult horses.

Introduction and Methodology

  • This study tested the hypothesis that supplementing the diet with Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), a sulfur-containing molecule known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, could alter the inflammation and oxidant response typically initiated by exercise. The subjects of this study were unfit adult thoroughbred geldings (neturated male horses).
  • A total of 10 geldings were used in the experiment, with five assigned to a regular diet (the control group or CON) and five supplemented with 21 grams of MSM for 30 days.
  • The horses partook in a standardized exercise test (SET), with blood collections carried out at different intervals before and after the SET. Moreover, skeletal muscle biopsies were taken from the middle gluteus both before and one hour after the SET for total RNA isolation.
  • The experiment was conducted twice, with a rest period of 120 days in between, in a cross-over design. This means that the two groups switched diets in the second phase of the experiment.

Results and Findings

  • The outcome suggests that neither exercise nor MSM supplementation impacted plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Compared to the CON group, the MSM-supplemented horses exhibited less plasma glutathione peroxidase activity, suggesting a lower production of free radicals or oxidative stress.
  • The levels of different inflammation markers (IL6, IL8, IL10, and TNFα) in plasma remained unaffected by exercise or diet, indicating that systemic inflammation was not induced.
  • Transcriptomic analysis of skeletal muscle revealed 35 genes showing some change in expression (2-fold or more) in response to exercise, although there were no noticeable changes caused directly by MSM. However, when the gene expression changes caused by exercise were compared between the diets, the MSM group showed a higher number (630) of exercise-responsive genes compared to the CON group (only 237).
  • Many of the exercise-responsive genes in the MSM-supplemented horses were mapped to the immune response and cytokine signal transduction pathways, suggesting a higher level of localized inflammation response.

Conclusion

  • The results indicate that MSM supplementation could enhance the anti-inflammatory response in skeletal muscle following physical exertion. This hints at MSM’s potential as a dietary aid for managing post-exercise inflammation in the skeletal muscles of horses, although further research is needed to ascertain these findings.

Cite This Article

APA
Barshick MR, Ely KM, Mogge KC, Chance LM, Johnson SE. (2025). Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) Supplementation in Adult Horses Supports Improved Skeletal Muscle Inflammatory Gene Expression Following Exercise. Animals (Basel), 15(2), 215. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15020215

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
PII: 215

Researcher Affiliations

Barshick, Madison R
  • School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
Ely, Kristine M
  • School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
Mogge, Keely C
  • School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
Chance, Lara M
  • School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
Johnson, Sally E
  • School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.

Grant Funding

  • G20 AI167200 / NIAID NIH HHS
  • UC6 AI058607 / NIAID NIH HHS
  • UC7 AI180254 / NIAID NIH HHS

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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