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Animal genetics2010; 41 Suppl 2; 166-175; doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02129.x

Microarray analysis after strenuous exercise in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of endurance horses.

Abstract: It is known that moderate physical activity may have beneficial effects on health, whereas strenuous effort induces a state resembling inflammation. The molecular mechanisms underlying the cellular response to exercise remain unclear, although it is clear that the immune system plays a key role. It has been hypothesized that the physio-pathological condition that develops in athletes subjected to heavy training is caused by derangement of cellular immune regulation. The purpose of the present study was to obtain information on endurance horse gene transcription under strenuous conditions and to identify candidate genes causing immune system derangement. We performed a wide gene expression scan, using microarray technology, on peripheral blood mononuclear cells of ten horses chosen from high-level participants in national and international endurance races. The use of three different timepoints revealed changes in gene expression when post-effort samples (T1, taken immediately after the race; and T2, taken 24 h after the race) were compared with basal sample (T0, at rest). Statistical analysis showed no differences in gene expression between T0 and T2 samples, indicating complete restoration of homeostasis by 24 h after racing, whereas T1 showed strong modulation of expression, affecting 132 genes (97 upregulated, 35 downregulated). Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that the main mechanisms and biofunctions involved were significantly associated with immunological and inflammatory responses. Real-time PCR was performed on 26 gene products to validate the array data.
© 2010 The Authors, Journal compilation © 2010 Stichting International Foundation for Animal Genetics.
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Publication Date: 2010-11-26 PubMed ID: 21070292DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02129.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article explores how strenuous exercise affects the immune system in endurance horses by analysing the changes in gene expression. Using microarray technology, the study aims to uncover the potentially damaging impact of intense training on the body’s natural immune regulation.

Methodology

  • The study was carried out on ten horses that were participants in high-level endurance races. Their genes were monitored at three different times using microarray analysis of their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) – immune cells found in the blood.
  • The times chosen for the samples were immediately after a race (T1), 24 hours after a race (T2), and at rest (T0).

Findings

  • The research found that 24 hours after the race (T2), there wasn’t any significant difference in gene expression when compared to the rest state (T0). This suggests that strenuous exercise doesn’t have a long-term effect on gene expression, as the body restores its normal state within 24 hours.
  • The sample taken immediately after the race (T1) showed a significant fluctuation in gene expression. When compared to the basal sample (T0), 132 genes showed altered expression – 97 were upregulated, and 35 were downregulated.
  • Using Ingenuity pathway analysis, the researchers discovered that most alterations in gene expression were related to immune and inflammatory responses. This points towards a link between hard exercise and inflammation-like conditions.

Confirmation of Findings

  • To ensure the accuracy of the findings from the microarray analysis, the researchers performed real-time PCR (a method of accurately detecting and quantifying gene expression) on 26 gene products.
  • The real-time PCR results provided validation for the array data, bolstering the robustness of the research’s overall findings.

Implications

  • This research gives valuable insight into how strenuous exercise impacts the immune system, providing a foundation for further investigation into managing the physiological stress that extreme physical activity can cause.
  • The study’s findings may help guide physical training strategies, recovery plans, and potential nutritional interventions to aid in the wellbeing of endurance athletes, including horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Capomaccio S, Cappelli K, Barrey E, Felicetti M, Silvestrelli M, Verini-Supplizi A. (2010). Microarray analysis after strenuous exercise in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of endurance horses. Anim Genet, 41 Suppl 2, 166-175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02129.x

Publication

Animal genetics
ISSN: 1365-2052
NlmUniqueID: 8605704
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 41 Suppl 2
Pages: 166-175

Researcher Affiliations

Capomaccio, S
  • Centro di Studio del Cavallo Sportivo-DPDCV, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
Cappelli, K
    Barrey, E
      Felicetti, M
        Silvestrelli, M
          Verini-Supplizi, A

            MeSH Terms

            • Animals
            • Horses / genetics
            • Horses / physiology
            • Leukocytes, Mononuclear / metabolism
            • Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
            • Physical Conditioning, Animal / physiology

            Citations

            This article has been cited 14 times.
            1. Wilson J, De Donato M, Appelbaum B, Garcia CT, Peters S. Differential Expression of Innate and Adaptive Immune Genes during Acute Physical Exercise in American Quarter Horses. Animals (Basel) 2023 Jan 16;13(2).
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            2. Mowry KC, Thomson-Parker TL, Morales C, Fikes KK, Stutts KJ, Leatherwood JL, Anderson MJ, Smith RX, Suagee-Bedore JK. Effects of Crude Rice Bran Oil and a Flaxseed Oil Blend in Young Horses Engaged in a Training Program. Animals (Basel) 2022 Nov 2;12(21).
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            5. Cappelli K, Mecocci S, Gioiosa S, Giontella A, Silvestrelli M, Cherchi R, Valentini A, Chillemi G, Capomaccio S. Gallop Racing Shifts Mature mRNA towards Introns: Does Exercise-Induced Stress Enhance Genome Plasticity?. Genes (Basel) 2020 Apr 9;11(4).
              doi: 10.3390/genes11040410pubmed: 32283859google scholar: lookup
            6. Crociati M, Capomaccio S, Mandara MT, Stradaioli G, Sylla L, Monaci M, Cappelli K. Different expression of Defensin-B gene in the endometrium of mares of different age during the breeding season. BMC Vet Res 2019 Dec 21;15(1):465.
              doi: 10.1186/s12917-019-2215-zpubmed: 31864349google scholar: lookup
            7. Cappelli K, Gialletti R, Tesei B, Bassotti G, Fettucciari K, Capomaccio S, Bonfili L, Cuccioloni M, Eleuteri AM, Spaterna A, Laus F. Guanylin, Uroguanylin and Guanylate Cyclase-C Are Expressed in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Horses. Front Physiol 2019;10:1237.
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            8. Le Moyec L, Robert C, Triba MN, Bouchemal N, Mach N, Rivière J, Zalachas-Rebours E, Barrey E. A First Step Toward Unraveling the Energy Metabolism in Endurance Horses: Comparison of Plasma Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomic Profiles Before and After Different Endurance Race Distances. Front Mol Biosci 2019;6:45.
              doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00045pubmed: 31245385google scholar: lookup
            9. Lee HG, Choi JY, Park JW, Park TS, Song KD, Shin D, Cho BW. Effects of exercise on myokine gene expression in horse skeletal muscles. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2019 Mar;32(3):350-356.
              doi: 10.5713/ajas.18.0375pubmed: 30208686google scholar: lookup
            10. Cappelli K, Capomaccio S, Viglino A, Silvestrelli M, Beccati F, Moscati L, Chiaradia E. Circulating miRNAs as Putative Biomarkers of Exercise Adaptation in Endurance Horses. Front Physiol 2018;9:429.
              doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00429pubmed: 29740341google scholar: lookup
            11. Ricard A, Robert C, Blouin C, Baste F, Torquet G, Morgenthaler C, Rivière J, Mach N, Mata X, Schibler L, Barrey E. Endurance Exercise Ability in the Horse: A Trait with Complex Polygenic Determinism. Front Genet 2017;8:89.
              doi: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00089pubmed: 28702049google scholar: lookup
            12. Ropka-Molik K, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Żukowski K, Piórkowska K, Gurgul A, Bugno-Poniewierska M. Transcriptome profiling of Arabian horse blood during training regimens. BMC Genet 2017 Apr 5;18(1):31.
              doi: 10.1186/s12863-017-0499-1pubmed: 28381206google scholar: lookup
            13. Le Moyec L, Robert C, Triba MN, Billat VL, Mata X, Schibler L, Barrey E. Protein catabolism and high lipid metabolism associated with long-distance exercise are revealed by plasma NMR metabolomics in endurance horses. PLoS One 2014;9(3):e90730.
              doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090730pubmed: 24658361google scholar: lookup
            14. Capomaccio S, Vitulo N, Verini-Supplizi A, Barcaccia G, Albiero A, D'Angelo M, Campagna D, Valle G, Felicetti M, Silvestrelli M, Cappelli K. RNA sequencing of the exercise transcriptome in equine athletes. PLoS One 2013;8(12):e83504.
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